光纤通信系统与网络的背景知识PPT

Outline相关背景知识光交换光分组交换（OPS,OBS,OLS）自动交换光网络（ASON)城域光网络背景知识光纤通信的产生----------激光与光纤的发明光纤通信系统的演变----------EDFA+DWDM的突破光纤通信网的快速发展----------呼唤Switching+Buffering技术光纤通信的产生--激光与光纤的发明•雏形：古代烽火、手旗、灯光1880年贝尔的光电话激光器光纤1960Maiman发明红宝石激光器1962半导体激光器诞生（GaAs870nm)70年代室温工作LD(GaAsAI850nm)1300、1550nm多模LD静态单模LD动态单模LD1951医用玻璃纤维（损耗1000dB/km）1965E.Miller透镜光波导1966高锟理论预言1970康宁制出低损耗光纤(20dB/km)1300、1550nm低损耗窗口光纤开发单模光纤1958发表红宝石激光器论文SchawlowandTownesInventtheLaser1958scientificpaper,InfraredandOpticalMasers,byArthurL.Schawlow,andCharlesH.Townes,PhysicalReview,MasersandMaserCommunicationsSystemLaserPatentNumber(s)2,929,9221960Maiman世界上第一个红宝石激光器问世Dr.THMaimanwiththefirstrubylaser1966高锟理论预言1998InternationalLecturebyIEE,ProfCharlesKaoinventoroffibreoptics,1970康宁制出低损耗光纤(20dB/km)2000，PresidentClintonannouncedthewinnerofNationalMedalofTechnologyof2000toCorninginc.OfinventorsoflowlossopticalfiberForthe1970teamofcorningscientistshonoredforbreakthroughthattransformedtelecommunications,pavedwayfortheinternet.DonaldB.Keck.RobertD.MaurerPeterCSchultz光纤通信系统（1stG)电复用电解复用传统的光纤传输系统(第一代光纤传输系统）EMUX光发送再生中继再生中继光接收EDMUX(O/E/O)第二代光纤传输系统(2ndG)光发射机光发射机光发射机光发射机N123光接收机光接收机光接收机光接收机N123EDFA功放线放预放MUXDEMUX光发射机光发射机光发射机光发射机N123光接收机光接收机光接收机光接收机N123EDFA+Raman功放线放预放MUXDEMUX拉曼泵浦系统放大第三代光纤传输系统(3rdG)BeginningFromapaperIEEECommunicationMagazine,.September2003Vol.41No.9AftertheOpticalBubble:TheRealityCheckSudhirS.DixitandJacekChrostowskiNext-GenerationOpticalNetworksasaValueCreationPlatformBotaroHirosaki,KatsumiEmura,Shin-ichiroHayano,andHiroyukiTsutsumi,NECCorporationnext-generationopticalnetworkARoadmapofanall-opticalNetworkTechnologiesInnovationsexample:EvolutionofHighCapacityDWDMsystemOXCSelectedPaperendedContentsBackgroundoffiberopticsCurrentopticalnetworksFutureofopticalnetworksBackgroundoffiberopticsOpticalfiberLaserOpticalfiberCommunicationsystemCurrentopticalnetworksKeytechniquesNetworksevolutionHowMuchis10Gb/s1.ASCIICharacter(8bit)109Char./s(1000books)2.VoiceChannel(64Kb/s)155,000Channels3.HDTV(600Mb/s)16ChannelsCompressed(20Mb/s)500Channels4.HIPPI(800Mb/s)12Channels5.GigabitEthernet(1Gb/s)8Channels2.8TerabitT3-45MbpsOC48-2.5GbpsTbpsTimefor2.8TerabitCommunicationRate25hours15minutes2.8secondsOtherTrafficSourcesDODInformationSuperiorityRequiresTerabitBattlefieldCommunications1ftx10bitsRadar/SARMulti-spectralsensors-Infrared-?wave-RF(Tbps)100miles100milesSuperNetApplicationsDARPA24几种关键技术的发展速度Ittookaboutacenturytoinstalltheworld’sfirst700millionphonelines;anadditional700millionlineswillbedeployedinthenext15-20years.Therearemorethan200millionwirelesssubscribersintheworldtoday;anadditional700millionmorewillbeaddedoverthenext15-20years.Therearemorethan200millioncableTVsubscribersintheworldtoday;300millionmorewillbeaddedoverthenext15-20years.Morethan100millionadditionalInternetuserswillcomeon-lineby2001.TheCommunicationsRevolutionisfueledbytheIncrediblePaceofChangeTechnology•Siliconchips•Photonics•Data/Web•Wireless•Power•Compression•SoftwareTrend2isdensity/speedevery18-24months2intransmissioncapacityeveryyear2Internetsubscribersevery2-3years2Internethosts/serverseveryyear1000incapacityevery5years2MIPs/MIWevery2years(DSPs)2ininformationdensityevery5yearsFromclosedtoopenenvironmentforcreatingnetworkservices21世纪的传输：Tbit到干线网Gbit到办公室/家庭Mbit到个人OriginatingBandwidthU.S.InterstateCommunicationTrafficServicedriversforBroadbandNetworks网络业务量变化的战略趋势根据初步分析,今后5到10年中国网上的数据业务量将可能会超过话音业务量。(7-8年最有可能,干线网可能仅3年)IP业务将最终成为主导的联网协议。业务总量将有大幅度增加(几十倍)。传统电话网将不可避免要过渡到分组交换为基础的融合的下一代网，下一代网将最终支持包括话音在内的所有业务。OpticalNetworking(CoreLongHaul)ProbableView-HybridRings&MeshesMULTIPLEXINGTECHNIQUESTDM:EachONUgetsatimeslot+Simpleforlowspeeds–Synchronization&powerequalizationnecessary–UpgradesdifficultWDM:EachONUgetsawavelengthband+TransparentfiberpipefromeachONU+Highestbandwidth–Precisecontroloflaser,combiner&receiverSCM:EachONUgetsanRFfrequencyband+Simpleradiotechniques+Notimingorwavelengthcontrol+Uses70yearsofknow-howonsharingeither–OpticalBeatinterferenceHIGHBITRATEvs.WDMHighBit-rate(10Gb/s--40Gb/s)-Regenerated(Digital)-CostandReliabilityofHigh-SpeedIC-RepeaterSpacingShorterWDM(4to802.5Gb/sor10Gb/sChannels)-OpticalAmplifiersasRepeaters(Analog)-CostandReliabilityofOpticalComponents-Maintenance-ChromaticDispersion-Non-LinearitiesTrendinTransmissionCapacitiesDWDMDataRateCHANNELBITRATELIGHTWAVECAPACITYTRENDTrend2000106107Capacity-Distance(Gb/skm)Year波分复用技术现状和发展目前商用系统主要为(16-40)x2.5/10Gb/s。Corvis的160x2.5G在芝加哥-西雅图3200公里线路上试验。Qtera的ULTRA系统可以将10GWDM系统的全光传输距离进一步提高到4000km之远。150/160x10G(阿/北电)系统已试验成功1022x37M(LT)已试验成功48x10G传4000km(阿)已试验成功实验室最高水平：3.28T(82x40G)传300km(LT),3.2T(80x40G)(西),3.2T(160x20G)1500km(NEC)已规划商用容量：6.4Tb/s(80x80Gb/s)(北电)1997DWDMMarketSharesOther1%NEC2%Alcatel7%CIENA26%Lucent35%Pirelli8%Nortel21%1998DWDMMarketSharesOther4%CIENA20%Fujitsu2%NEC5%Nortel30%Lucent28%Alcatel8%Pirelli3%$1.45billion$1.86billion北美长途网敷设趋势-corning0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%1998199920002001200240G10G2.5G全光超长传输试验•为了减少电再生点以及随着光层联网能力的引入，全光超长传输成为关键。•48×10Gb/s传输4000km试验(阿尔卡特)：光区段长