形容词和副词

形容词和副词一．形容词作用与位置1．形容词作定语。Heisatallman.Theredpencilismine.Itisabeautifulpresent.Thereissomethingwrongwiththewatch.Isthereanythingspecial?Thereisnothingnew.总结：1.形容词作定语修饰名词时，放在名词的前面。2.形容词作定语修饰不定代词something，anything，everything，nothing等时，放在代词的后面。2．形容词作表语Heisverystrong.Itisgettingwarm.Thesouptastesdelicious.Whathesaidprovedtrue.Shefellasleep.总结：1)常见系动词有：be，become,get,turn,grow,go，keep,remain,staylook,smell,taste,feel,sound,appear,seem,prove2)有些成对出现的形容词：interesting/interested,surprising/surprised,exciting/excited,moving/moved例：Thefilmwassomovingthateveryonewasmovedtotears.3.形容词作状语，表状况、原因、结果等。Hewenttobed,coldandhungry.4.形容词作做宾补结构：主语+谓语+宾语+形容词（作宾补）Runninginthemorningmakeshimstrong.Wethinkthefilmreallyinteresting.Whohasleftthedooropen?Ifoundherasleeponthegrass.1)请保持教室清洁。2）我觉得这个故事很有趣。3）她说的话让我很高兴。二．副词1．副词的分类方式副词：well，fast，slowly，carefully，quickly程度副词：very，much，enough，almost，rather，quite地点副词：here，there，out，somewhere，abroad，home，时间副词：today，early，soon，now，then，recently，still频度副词：always，often，usually，sometimes，seldom，never否定副词：no，not，neither，nor，疑问副词：where，how，why其他：also，too，only2．副词的基本用法：副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。例如：Weshouldlistentoourteacherscarefully.Heisveryhappytoday.“Whathappened？”Iasked，ratherangrily.Inspring，Icanseeflowerseverywhere.3．常见副词用法辨析①very，much和verymuch.的区别very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级；much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级；修饰动词要用verymuch.例如，Johnisveryhonest.Thisgardenismuchbiggerthanthatone.Thankyouverymuch.②so与such的区别so修饰形容词或副词;such修饰名词，例如，MybrotherrunssofastthatIcan’tfollowhim.Heissuchaboy.so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词，其结构是“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”.such可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词，名词前可以有形容词作定语，其结构是“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”，“such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”，.例如，Heissocleveraboy.=Heissuchacleverboy.他是一个如此聪明的孩子。Itissuchcoldweather.这么冷的天气。(正)Itissocoldweather.(误)Theyaresuchgoodstudents.他们是那么好的学生。(正)Theyaresogoodstudents.(误)三．形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成1.比较级和最高级的规则变化：规则原级比较级最高级1.在词尾后直接加-er/esttalltallertallest2.词尾是e，只加-r/stnicenicernicest3.以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y变i再加-er/esthappyhappierhappiest4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加-er/estthinthinnerthinnest5.其他双音节词或多音节词,在该词前面加-more/mostbeautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautiful6.由形容词加ly构成的双音节词和多音节词都是在该词前加-more/most.quicklydifficultlymorequicklymoredifficultlymostquicklymostdifficultly2.不规则变化:good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest四．形容词比较级和最高级的用法1.原级比较用于两者之间对比，意思为“……和……相同”TomisashonestasJack.Herskinisaswhiteassnow.Mydogisasoldasthatone.Heisnotas(=so)tallasI.Theweatherhereisnotas(=so)coolastheweatherinHarbin.总结句型：2.比较级的用法:1）A+形容词比较级+than+BSusanishappierthanJane.Hisbrotherisyoungerthanme.BeijingismorebeautifulthanOsaka.形容词比较级前还可以用much,even,still,alittle，far,alot,abit,muchmore来修饰。2）比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越……”Theearthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Chinabecomesmoreandmorestronger.3）the+比较级，the+比较级结构，表示“越……就越……”ThemoreIstudyit,themoreIlikeit.4）which/who+is+比较级Whichcityisbigger,BeijingorTianjin?Whoishappier,youorme?3.最高级用法：用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较,最高级前加the，最高级前有物主代词，序数词和名词所有格时，不加定冠词，后面跟带in或of表范围的短语。1）oneofthe+最高级ShanghaiisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinChina.Ourcityisoneofthesafestcitiesintheworld.Itisournearestneighborinspace.2）最高级意义的表达方法:形容词最高级的意义还可以用比较级形式表达。常见的有：①形容词比较级+thananyother+单数名词。如：Thisismoredifficultthananyotherbookhere.(=Thisisthemostdifficultbookofall.)Sheisbetterthananyotherstudentinherclass.②容词比较级+thantheother+复数名词。如：Asiaisbiggerthantheothercontinentsontheearth.亚洲是地球上最大的洲。3）形容词最高级前可用序数词限定，共同修饰后面的名词，其结构为：“the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词”。如：HainanisthesecondlargestislandinChina.海南是中国的第二大岛。五．副词比较级和最高级的用法1.副词原级比较1）as+副词原级+asTomrunsasfastasJones.notas/so+副词原级+asHedidn’tcomeas/soearlyasLiLei.2.比较级的用法：1）比较级+than。LilyrunfasterthanMary.2）比较级+and+比较级Hestudiesbetterandbetter.3）themore…themore…Theharderyouwork,thebetteryouwilllearn.3.最高级的用法：副词最高级前一般有the，也可省略。Heworks(the)hardestofallthestudentsintheclass.Herunsfastestinourclass.It'struethathespeakEnglishmostfluentlyinourclass.形容词副词练习一．填空usual_________________(不寻常的)fit_________________(不适合的)certain________________(不确定的)willing________________(不愿意的)aim___________________(无目标的)wind___________________(多风的)peace___________________(和平的)fun______________________(有趣的)health____________________(健康的)hope_____________________（有希望的）___________________(绝望的)anger______________________(生气的)cheer______________________(高兴的)use______________________（有用的）___________________(无用的)east_______________________(东方的)humor_______________________(幽默的)tradition______________________(传统的)south________________________(南方的)nerve_________________________(紧张的)nature_________________________(自然的)person________________________(个人的)self________________________(自私的)Australia_____________________(澳大利亚的)Canada______________________(加拿大的)love___________________________(可爱的)America______________________(美国的)Russia_________________________(俄罗斯的)Britain__________________________(英国的)week_______________________（每周的）month_____________________（每月的）surprise___________________（感到惊讶的）____________________（令人惊讶的）bore_____________________（感到厌烦的）____________________（令人厌烦的）excite_____________________（感到兴奋的）__________________