浅析水生植物在泰州市园林景观中的应用

浅析水生植物在泰州市园林景观中的应用摘要介绍了水生植物的类型,分析了其景观价值和生态意义,结合水生植物在泰州市园林水系中的应用情况,总结了目前泰州市水生植物应用中存在的问题,对水生植物在景观建设中的应用提出建议。Typesofaquaticplantswasintroducedinthispaper,analyzesthelandscapevalueandecologicalsignificance,combiningtheapplicationofaquaticplantsintaizhougardendrainagesituation,summarizestheproblemsexistinginthetaizhouaquaticplantapplication,theapplicationofaquaticplantsinlandscapeconstructionareproposed.关键词水生植物;园林景观;应用;江苏泰州Keywordsofaquaticplants;Landscape;Applications;Jiangsutaizhou水生植物因其形态优美、色彩丰富、种类繁多,被广泛应用于城市园林水景布置中,它既能美化环境,又能净化水源,是现代园林造景中必不可少的材料[1,2]。随着园林建设科学性和文化内涵的提高,为适应建设园林城市、生态型园林城市的目标,城市景观绿化受到政府及公众的重视,水生植物的应用也越来越多。城市园林绿化日益发展,://水生植物在城市绿化建设中将发挥越来越大的作用。水生植物的应用将不断扩大到公园景观、湿地保护、盆栽观赏、河道美化、水体净化、小区绿化等多方面。随着近几年来泰州市园林建设的发展,水生植物在泰州市园林景观中的应用呈现出蓬勃向上的良好发展态势,特别是新开发建设的凤城河景区和园博园工程,让泰州市民越来越多地享受到碧波荡漾、鸟语花香的自然美景。Aquaticplantsbecauseofitsshapeisbeautiful,richcolor,variety,arewidelyusedincitylandscapewaterscapeisdecoratedin,itcannotonlybeautifytheenvironment,andcanpurifywater,isindispensableinthemodernlandscapegardeningmaterials[1,2].Withtheimprovementoflandscapeconstructionisscientificandculturalconnotation,inordertomeettheconstructionofgardencityandecologicalgardencity,urbanlandscapegreeningbroughttotheattentionofthegovernmentandthepublic,alsomoreandmoreapplicationofaquaticplants.Urbanlandscapedevelopment,aquaticplantswillplayagrowingroleinurbangreeningconstruction.Applicationofaquaticplantswillcontinuetoexpandtheparklandscape,wetlandprotection,ornamentalplants,riverwaterpurification,landscaping,greening,etc.Withthedevelopmentoftaizhoulandscapeconstructioninrecentyears,aquaticplantapplicationintaizhoulandscapeshowingagooddevelopmentmomentumofvigorousupward,especiallythenewdevelopmentandconstructionofFengCheng://水生植物的类型1typeofaquaticplants水生植物泛指生长在水体环境中的植物。我国水系众多,水生植物资源丰富,仅高等水生植物就有300余种。根据最常见的园林水生植物分类方法,按其生活方式与形态特征可以将其分为挺水型、浮叶型、漂浮型及沉水型4种类型。Aquaticplantreferstotheplantgrowsintheaquaticenvironment.Drainagesysteminourcountryisnumerous,aquaticplantsrichinresources,therearemorethan300kindsofhigheraquaticplantsalone.Accordingtothemostcommongardenplantsclassificationmethod,accordingtotheirlifestyleandmorphologicalcharacteristicscanbedividedintoawatertype,floatingleaf,floatingandsubmergedtypefourtypes.挺水类植物的根扎在泥中,茎叶挺出水面,有些种类具肥厚的根状茎或在根系中具有发达的通气组织,对水深适应性一般而言与植株高://度有关,植株高大的适水能力稍强。再力花、芦苇、芦竹、水葱等高大植物适应水深可达60cm;慈菇、海寿花、黄菖蒲、香蒲、千屈菜等植株中等的植物适应55cm左右水深;花叶芦苇、玉婵花、灯心草、泽泻等适应水深在10～30cm。浮水类植物的根在泥中,叶片漂浮于水面或略高出水面,花开时近水面。这些植物的叶柄或茎、叶片的海绵组织较为发达,贮存有大量的空气。浮叶植物对水深的适应性一般来说较挺水植物要好,并且因种类而异,如芡实的适水深度达1.5m,菱可达3m,当植株生长到一定程度时可断根成为浮水植物,不再受水深限制。漂浮类植物的根系漂在水中,叶完全浮于水面,可随水漂移,在水面的位置不易控制。多数以观叶为主,它们既能吸收水里的矿物质,又能抑制水藻的生长,如浮萍、水鳖、凤眼莲等。沉水类植物的根扎在泥中,茎叶沉于水中,它与湖底水生植被的存在可阻止上层水体动力扰乱湿地底部,有效遏制底泥营养盐向水体释放,是净化水质或布置水下景观的优良植物材料。它们能够在白天制造氧气,有利于平衡水中的化学成分和促进鱼类的生长,如虎尾藻、金鱼藻、苦草等。Quitewaterplantshaverootsinthemud,stemyetingoutofthewater,somespecieswithafleshyrhizomesorhavedevelopedaerenchymainrootsystem,adaptedtowaterdepthgenerallyassociatedwithplantheight,plantheightofoptimumwaterabilityisabitstronger.Forcetospendagain,reed,bambooreed,scirpustabernaemontanitallplantsadapttowaterdepthupto60cm;Arrowhead,sealifeofflowers,yellowcalamus,://~30cm.Floatingplantshaverootsinthemud,leavesfloatingonorslightlyabovethesurfaceofthewater,thewaterbloomnearsurface.Theseplantsofpetioleorstem,leafspongytissueisrelativelydeveloped,storagethereisplentyofair.Floatingplantadaptabilitytowateringeneralisprettybetterwaterplants,andowingtothedifferenttypes,suchasGordoneuryaleseedofwaterdepthof1.5m,lingupto3m,whentheplantsgrowtoacertaindegreecanbeafloatingplantsincreased,nolongerrestrictedbythedepthofthewater.Floatingdriftinthewatertherootsoftheplantsleavesfloatinginthewater,candriftwiththewater,thewaterofthepositionisnoteasytocontrol.Mostisgivenprioritytowithfoliage,theycannotonlyabsorbthemineralsinthewater,andcaninhibitthegrowthofalgae,suchasduckweed,waterturtle,crassipes,etc.Submergedplantshaverootsinthemud,stemleafdrownedinthewater,ithastodowiththeexistenceofthelakeaquaticvegetationcanpreventtheupperwaterpowerdisruptedatthebottomofthewetland,effectivelycurbsedimentnutrientreleasedtothewater,istopurifythewaterqualityordecorategoodunderwaterlandscapeplantmaterial.Theycanproduceoxygenduringtheday,isconducivetobalancethechemicalcompositionandpromotethegrowthoffishinthewater,suchashuwei,hornwort,bittergrass,etc.://水生植物的景观价值和生态意义2waterplantslandscapevalueandecologicalsignificance2.1景观效果2.1landscapeeffect水生植物不仅可以观叶、赏花、闻香,还能欣赏映照在水中的倒影。“浮香绕曲岸,圆影覆华池”、“波明荇叶颤,风热萍花香”等诗中描述的水生植物景致给人一种清新、舒畅之感。从空间角度来看,水体宽广时,易产生平淡的感觉。除了用亭、桥等构筑物分隔水面外,还可与水生植物和观赏植物相结合以丰富水面,并分隔不同质地的地面和围合空间。同时,在水环境中,采用在水体周围布植树林、草地,形