论中西文化的象征意义

OntheAssociativeMeaningsoftheAnimalWordsbetweenChineseandEnglishCultures论中西文化中动物词汇的象征意义袁丽莹梅梦女LogicalFramePart1：DefinitionsPart2：AcontrastivestudyoftheassociativemeaningsofanimalwordsinChineseandEnglishculturesPart3：CausesofthedifferentassociativemeaningsofanimalwordsbetweenChineseandEnglishculturesPart4：ReferencesPart1.DefinitionsAssociativemeaning(Connotativemeaning):referstotheemotionalassociationwhichawordoraphrasesuggestsinone'smind;itisthesupplementaryvaluewhichisaddedtothepurelydenotativemeaningofaword.Interculturalcommunication:communicationbetweenpeoplewhoseculturalperceptionsandsymbolsystemsaredistinctenoughtoalterthecommunicationevent.—ACoursebookofInterculturalCommunicationPart2:AcontrastivestudyoftheassocaitivemeaningsofanimalwordsinChineseandEnglishcultures一）Thesameanimalwordhasthesameassociativemeaning二）Thesameanimalwordhasdifferentassociativemeanings三）Associativemeaningnull(零对应)一）thesameanimalwordhasthesameassociativemeaning1.1Positivesense(褒义)EX:Lamband羊（Yang）E＆C:docilityandinnocenceExpressions:asmeekaslamb温顺如羔羊JesusChrist:thelambofGod；替罪羊（scapegoat）1.2Derogatorysense(贬义）EX：Ass，donkeyand驴（Lv）E＆C:stupidorstubbornpersonExpressions:Allasseswagtheirears.驴子摇耳朵，傻子装聪明。Assinalion'sskin披着狮子皮的驴有子不教如养驴，有女不教如养猪——《增广贤文》二）thesameanimalwordhasdifferentassociativemeanings2.1PositiveinChinesebutderogatoryinEnglish:EX:Peacockand孔雀（Kongque）C:auspiciousness(吉兆)andbeautyE:arrogantandconceited(狂妄自大)Expressions:proudasapeacock孔雀般骄傲theyoungpeacock年轻狂妄的家伙孔雀落谁家，谁家就兴旺2.2DerogatoryinChineseculturebutpositiveinEnglishculture:EX：Owland猫头鹰（MaoTouying）拉丁学名：Strigiformes中文学名：鸮形目(Xiaoxingmu）C:abadluck,deathE:well-informedperson博学的人Expressions:aswiseasanowl如猫头鹰一般聪明夜猫子（猫头鹰）进宅，凶事自来三）AssociativemeaningnullEX:Bulland公牛（Gongniu）E:power,franknessandrecklessnessExpressions:abullinachinashop鲁莽的人C:noassociativemeaningEX:Silkwormand家蚕（Jiacan）C:spiritofdevotionExpressions:春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干E:asmallwormPart3.:CausesofthedifferenceofanimalwordssymbolicconnotationinEnglishandChineseCulture一）GeographicalFactor二）TraditionalCulturalFactor三）IdeologicalFactor一）GeographicalfactorInfluence:thenumberandthedistributionoftheanimal.Ex:Fishand鱼﹙yu﹚E:Fishsymbolizeanobscureperson.(lessimportant.)aloosefish道德上放荡不羁的人apoorfish可怜虫afishingexpedition搜罗罪证/新闻材料而进行的手段不当的调查C:Fishoftensymbolizesomethingvaluableorsomebodyimportant“为渊驱鱼者，獭（ta）也；为丛驱爵（同“雀”）者，鹯（zhan）也”《孟子·离娄上》直译为：替深池把鱼赶来的是水獭，替森林把鸟雀赶来的是鹞（yao）鹰喻意：由于自己的错误或暴行，替别人做了好事，把人才都赶到别人那里去了。“得鱼而忘荃，得意而忘言。”《庄子·外物》eagerbeaver(河狸)喻工作勤奋认真的人/为讨好上司做事过于卖力的人ThearchitectofthewildworldThebeaverworksasakeystonespeciesinanecosystembycreatingwetlandsthatareusedbymanyotherspecies.Nexttohumans,nootherextantanimalappearstodomoretoshapeitslandscape.Beaverspotentiallyevenimpactclimatechange.二）TraditionalculturalfactorInfluence:differentimagesorassociativemeaningofthesameanimalEx:Dragonand龙﹙Long﹚E:Thedragonsymbolizessavage,devilandmonsterGreekmythology：“afabulousmonstergenerallyrepresentedaswingedreptilewithcrestedheadandterribleclawsandteeth，andoftenspoutingfire.”《TheNewTestament·theApocalypse》：“Andthegreatdragonwascastout，thatoldserpent，calledtheDevil，andSatan，whichdeceiveththewholeworld··”《Belwolf》：afire-breathingmonsterExpressions:She’sabitofadragonaroundplace.她在这里是个很跋扈的人Wecalledheradragon.我们叫她母夜叉（她很凶）sowDragon'steeth播下不和或毁灭的种子二）TraditionalculturalfactorC:TheLoongsymbolizespower,strengthandfortune.ChineseTotem:worshipofloong,symbolofpowerandfortuneHanDynasty：symboloftheEmperor“其母刘媪尝息大泽之陂，梦与神遇。是时雷电晦冥，太公往视．则见蛟龙于其上。既而有身，遂产高祖。”《史记·高祖本纪》TheThreeKingdoms：symbolofHero诸葛孔明者，卧龙也。《三国志·蜀志·诸葛亮传》Expressions:龙王爷：theGodofRaininChinesemythology龙袍：imperialrobes龙游浅水遭虾戏，虎落平阳被犬欺：Thosewholosetheiradvantagesorpoweroverotherswillbebelittledanddefeated.“（喻英雄失意）三）IdeologicalfactorInfluence:Valuetendency,theAesthetictasteofpeopleandsoonEx:Dogand狗(gou)E:Dogoftensymbolizesman'sbestfriend.Expressions:aluckydog幸运儿ajollydog快乐的人anolddog经验丰富的人，年事已高的人C:Dogoftensymbolizesavilecharacter.Expressions:狗腿子henchman（政治领袖或罪犯等的忠实支持者、追随者）走狗lackey狗嘴里吐不出象牙Afilthymouthcan'tutterdecentlanguage.Part4.References[1].詹蓓.Thesis:试论Dog-狗在英汉语的国俗语意差异[J].湖南商学院学报,2008,（7）[2].陈玲.动物词语的象征意义与文化差异[J].齐齐哈尔医学院学报,2003,（24）[3].张艺芬.汉英动物象征文化的思维方式对比[J].漳州师范学院学报,2007,（4）[4].李中.论中西文化中动物词语的象征意义[J].现代经济信息,2008,(4)[5].杨谨旖.从社会文化角度看英汉动物词汇的联想意义差异[J],湘潭师范学院学报,2009，（31）[6].陈辉.从英汉动物词语的文化喻义管窥英汉文化的共性与差异[J],苏州科技学院学报,2004,（21）[7].常晖.汉英动物词语喻体喻义的文化内涵初探[J].湖南人文科技学院学报,2005,(2)[8].戴卫平,裴文斌.英汉文化词语研究[M].北京：科学出版社,2008.[9].潘文国.汉英语言对比概论[M].北京：商务印书馆,2010.