living well 语法动词不定式

1.Fillinthetablebelow.Youcanusethedictionarytohelpyou.NounAdjectiveambitionabsencesuitabilitybenefitannoyanceambitiousabsentsuitablebeneficialannoyed/annoyingNounAdjectiveclumsinessfirmnessnoisepsychologyencouragingclumsyfirmnoisypsychologicalencouragement一.结构:todo(否定)nottodo二.时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式不定式todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendone----------不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词原形”构成,没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语.但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。Grammar:theInfinitive1.Itisgoodtohelpothers.2.Itismyambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeopleinourneighborhoodhaveaccesstoallpublicbuildings.3.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.辨别下面不定式在句子中充当的成分:(subject)(subject)(predicative)4.Idon’thavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.5.Iamtheonlystudentinmyclasstohaveapetsnake.6.Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.7.MyfellowstudentshavebeguntoacceptmeforwhoIam.(attribute)(attribute)(object)(object)8.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife.9.SomedaysIamtootiredtogetoutofbed.10.Wemustcallonlocalgovernmenttogivefinancialassistancetodisabledpeople.(adverbial)(adverbial)(objectcomplement)一.不定式在句中的功能做主语那样做是很幼稚的.Toactlikethatischildish.为避免句子出现“头重脚轻”现象,常用it做形式主语,将真正主语的不定式后置.要学好英语不是那么容易的。Ex.ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.常用句型：It+be+n.+todoIttakessb.somtimetodosth.It+be+adj.+for/of+sb.+todoItseems/appears+adj.+todo做宾语她喜欢谈论这件事情。e.g..Shelovestotalkaboutthematter.他希望不久能找到工作.Hehopestofindajobsoon.他答应不把这事告诉任何人．Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.常接不定式做宾语的动词有：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装，主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮，常接不定式做宾语的动词有：afford,agree,aim,arrange,ask,attempt,begin,bother,care,choose,continue,dare,decide,demand,expect,fail,hate,hope,learn,long,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,prepare,promise,prove,refuse,want,wish等1.不定式有时和连接代词/副词构成宾语.你记得哪一条路到哪儿吗？Doyourememberwhichwaytogetthere?下一步干什么你决定了吗?Haveyoudecidedwhattodonext?我来问他怎么样开这机器.I’llaskhimhowtooperatethemachine.2.有时不定式由whether引起.Ididn’tknowwhethertolaughorcryaboutit.3.feel,find,judge,make,think,believe,consider等动词后如果是不定式做宾语,补语是形容词(间或是名词),常用it作形式宾语,把不定式后移.Ifinditdifficulttoworkwithhim.•Sheaskedmetostaythere.•PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.•Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.•Mybrotheraskedmetocleantheroomwithhim.做宾语补足语动词+宾语+带to的不定式:常带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有:ask,beg,prefer,help,promise,wish,want,expect,permit,request,allow,command,tell,invite,cause,encourage,warn,advise,persuade,force,order,remind,teach,等.动词+宾语+带to的不定式:Thepolicemansawachildplayinthestreet.Don’tmakethechildrendosuchheavywork.ShallIhavehimcomehere?五看watchseelookatobservenotice三使letmakehave二听listentohear一感觉:feel注意：当不定式放在下列动词后面作宾语补语时，不定式不带to。常用口诀如下：五看三室（使）两厅（听）一感觉后接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有:let,hear,have,make,see,observe,feel,watch,notice等.Thepolicemansawachildplayinthestreet.Achildwasseentoplayinthestreetbythepoliceman.AttentionSb.issaid/thought/considered/reportedtodo/havedonee.g.Heisconsideredtohavebeentoldabutthenews.做表语不定式可用作表语,说明主语的具体内容.Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.我的梦想是成为一名医生.Hisdreamistobeadoctor.我的工作是帮助病人。Myjobistohelpthepatient做定语不定式放在被修饰的名词、代词后面(后置定语），往往表示未发生的动作。Ihavealotofworktodo.Sheisthefirststudenttocometoschool.Ihavesomebooksforyoutoread.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。Heislookingforaroomtolivein.请给我一支写字的笔.Pleasegivemeapentowritewith.如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词做状语目的状语：常用的结构：todo;inordertodo,soastodo,so/such…astodo,etc.Icomeheretosaygood-byetoyou.结果状语（让人意外的）：常与only,enough或too连用。Hestudiedhardonlytofailtheexam.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.原因状语：一般用在句尾I’mgladtoseeyou.Shewepttoseethesight.二.不定式的否定结构：不定式的否定结构多由：“not+不定式”构成，否定副词not,never,seldom,hardly等要置于to前。请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍.Pleasetellyourchildnottoplayinthestreet.她检查名字为了不犯错误.Shecheckedthenamessoasnottomakemistakes.三.不定式的时态：1.一般时表示的动作，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。Heseemstoknowthis.他似乎知道这事。Ihopetoseeyouagain.我希望再见到你2.完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。I’msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.3.一般进行时表示的动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。他好象正在吃什么东西。Heseemstobeeatingsomething.4.完成进行时表示的动作从过去开始并延续至说话的时候。据说她研究这问题有好多年了。Sheissaidtohavebeenworkingontheproblemformanyyears.注意：省to的情况1.使役动词makelethave2.help可带可不带3.在but/except/besides后带do不带to4.and,or,than连接两个不定式，第二个to可省5.不定式作表语，若主句部分由实义动词是，可省Wehavemissedthelastbus.Allwecoulddoiswalkhome.•固定句型:1.had+(not)dosth.最好（不）做某事2.Why(not)dosth.?3.…prefertodo/preferdoing4.…prefer+n./doingA+to+n./doingB5.…prefer+todoAratherthan(to)doB6.…wouldrather(not)dosth.7.…wouldratherdoAthan(do)B8.…wouldrather+句子（过去式）（虚拟语气）要做……theretobe和therebeing1.作宾语时，根据动词判断plantheretobe……appreciatetherebeing…作介词的宾语时，只有for后用theretobe2.Therebeing常做状语Therebeingnotaxi,hehadtowalkhome.Letmetry!高考链接1.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood______.（2008全国I卷）A.tobebreathedB.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathedB2.–Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?–Yes.But_____it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.（2008北京卷）A.tofindB.findC.tofindingD.finding3.Ifeelgreatlyhonored____intotheirsociety.（2008北京卷）A.towelcomeB.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welcomedAC4._____theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.（2008湖南卷）A.CompletingB.CompleteC.CompletedD.Tocomplete5.Ifthereisal