年产40万吨二甲醚工艺设计

陕西理工学院毕业设计-I-年产40万吨二甲醚工艺设计（陕西理工学院化学学院化工专业06级1班，陕西汉中723000）指导教师：[摘要]作为LPG和石油类的替代燃料，目前二甲醚(DME)倍受注目。DME是具有与LPG的物理性质相类似的化学品，在燃烧时不会产生破坏环境的气体，能便宜而大量地生产。与甲烷一样，被期望成为21世纪的能源之一。目前生产的二甲醚基本上由甲醇脱水制得，即先合成甲醇，然后经甲醇脱水制成二甲醚。甲醇脱水制二甲醚分为液相法和气相法两种工艺，本设计采用气相法制备二甲醚工艺。将甲醇加热蒸发，甲醇蒸气通过γ-AL2O3催化剂床层,气相甲醇脱水制得二甲醚。气相法的工艺过程主要由甲醇加热、蒸发、甲醇脱水、二甲醚冷凝及精馏等组成。主要完成以下工作：1）精馏用到的二甲醚分离塔和甲醇回收塔的塔高、塔径、塔板布置等的设计；2）所需换热器、泵的计算及选型；[关键词]二甲醚，甲醇，工艺设计。陕西理工学院毕业设计-II-Thedesignofdimehyletherprocessannualoutput400,000tonsMaPeng-jun(Grade06,Class1,MajorChemicalEngineeringandTechnology,SchoolofChemicalandenvironmentalsciences,ShaanxiUniversityofTechnology,Hanzhong723000,Shaanxi)Tutor:LIZhi-zhouAbstract:AsLPGandoilalternativefuel,DMEhasdrawnattentionsatpresent.PhysicalpropertiesofDMEissimilarforLPG,anddon’tproducecombustiongastodamagetheenvironment,so,Itcanbeproducedlargely.Likemethane,DMEisexpectedtobecome21stcenturyenergysources.,DMEispreparedbymethanoldehydration,namely,syntheticmethanolfirstandthenmethanoldehydrationtodimethyletherbymethanoldehydration.MethanoldehydrationtoDMEisdividedintotwokindsofliquidphaseandgas-phaseprocess.Thisdesignusesaprocessgasofdimethyletherpreparedbydimethyl.Heatingmethanoltoevaporation,methanolvaporthroughtheγ-AL2O3catalystbed,vapormethanoldehydrationtodimethyletherby.Thisprocessismadeofmethanolprocessheating,evaporation,dehydrationofmethanol,dimethylethercondensationanddistillationetc.Completedforthefollowingwork:1)Distillationtowerusedinseparationofdimethyletherandmethanolrecovery,columnheightoftower,diameter,arrangementofcolumnplateetc;2)Thecalculationandselectionofheatexchanger,pump;Keywords:dimethylether,methanol,processdesign.陕西理工学院毕业设计目录1概述.................................................................................................................11.1二甲醚的用途.............................................................................................11.2设计依据.....................................................................................................11.3技术来源.....................................................................................................11.3.1液相甲醇脱水法制二甲醚..................................................................11.3.2气相甲醇脱水法制二甲醚..................................................................11.3.3合成气一步法生产二甲醚..................................................................21.3.4二氧化碳加氢直接合成二甲醚..........................................................21.3.5催化蒸馏法制二甲醚..........................................................................21.3.6本设计采用的方法..............................................................................31.4原料及产品规格.........................................................................................31.5设计规模和设计要求.................................................................................32技术分析...........................................................................................................42.1反应原理.....................................................................................................42.2反应条件.....................................................................................................42.3反应选择性和转化率.................................................................................42.4催化剂的选择.............................................................................................43反应器的结构计算...........................................................................................53.1物料衡算.....................................................................................................53.2计算催化剂床层体积.................................................................................53.3反应器管数.................................................................................................53.4热量衡算.....................................................................................................54甲醚精馏塔结构计算.......................................................................................84.1甲醚精馏塔的物料衡算及理论板数.........................................................84.2实际板层数的求取.....................................................................................94.3精馏塔的工艺条件及有关物性数据的计算...........................................104.3.1操作压力的计算................................................................................104.3.2操作温度计算....................................................................................104.3.3平均摩尔质量计算............................................................................114.3.4平均密度计算....................................................................................114.3.5液体平均表面张力的计算................................................................134.3.6液体平均粘度....................................................................................134.4精馏塔的塔体工艺尺寸计算...................................................................134.4.2提馏段塔径的计算............................................................................154.4.3精馏塔有效高度的计算....................................................................164.5塔板主要工艺尺寸的计算......