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本科毕业设计（论文）基于机器视觉的指针表图像采集技术基于机器视觉的指针表图像采集技术1摘要人类社会发展到今时今日，不断涌现出大量新技术，而机器视觉的应用，无疑也是当中重要的一项。如今，机器视觉已经不断被应用到各种工业现场自动化领域，发挥着极其重要的作用。而传统的指针表具有很多优点，目前还在电力系统、铁路系统、厂矿企业、计量部门等大量使用。但是在工业上，指针表还存在很多问题，导致不能广泛应用，而且对于指针表的研究资料还比较少。本文主要讨论的是基于机器视觉指针仪表的图像采集技术的应用及其图像预处理的关键技术。本文首先介绍了课题的研究背景和意义，包括机器视觉的概念、历史、存在问题和前景，然后从指针表的特点入手，研究一个应用于指针表的图像采集系统，包括图像的采集，图像的预处理。并且设计出仿真采集指针表图像的实验系统，从实验中分析处理的效果，而找出最佳的图像预处理效果。在图像采集方面，本课题分析研究了摄像机的景深，还有摄像时的光源对采集的图像的影响。在图像预处理方面，采用图像增强、滤波去噪、二值化等预处理的方法处理图像并取得预期的效果。图像的采集和预处理，是本课题的主要研究工作。建立实验仿真系统，对实验结果进行对比，从而得出结论。关键词：机器视觉，指针表,摄像机,图像增强,中值滤波,二值化2AbstractDevelopmentofhumansocietytoday,alargenumberofnewemergingtechnology,andmachinevisionapplications,whichisundoubtedlyimportant.Today,machinevisionhasbeenappliedtovariousfieldsofindustrialautomationfield,playsanextremelyimportantrole.Thetraditionalindicatortablehasmanyadvantages,Soitstilluseinthepowersystem,railwaysystems,factoriesandmines,large-scaleuseofmeasurementsector.However,inindustry,pointertablestillexistmanyproblems,resultinginnotwidelyused,andthepointertableforresearchdataisstillrelativelysmall。Thisarticleisfocusedonmachinevisioninthepointertableandtheapplicationofitskeytechnologies.Inthispaper,wefirstintroducedtostudythebackgroundandsignificanceofissues,includingtheconceptofmachinevision,history,problemsandprospects,andthenmakeapointertableusedinimageacquisitionsystemsbyCharacteristicsofthetablepointer,includingimageacquisition,imagepre-processing.Simulationanddesignacollectionforthepointertableoftheexperimentalsystemimagesfromtheexperimentalanalysisoftheeffectsofimagepre-processingtofindthebestresults.Inimageacquisition,theanalysisofthisissueofthedepthoffieldcamera,aswellaswhenthecameralightontheimpactofimageacquisition.ImagePre-processing,theuseofimageenhancement,noisefiltering,binarization,suchaspre-processingapproachtoimageandobtainthedesiredresults.Imageacquisitionandpre-processing,isthesubjectofamajorresearchwork.Experimentalsimulationsystem,theexperimentalresultswerecomparedinordertoreachaconclusion.Keywords：MachineVision,Camera，IndicatorTypeMeasuringAppliance，ImageEnhancement，Medianfilter，Binarization3目录1绪论...................................................................................................................................11.1引言...............................................................................................................................11.1.1本课题的背景和意义.........................................................................................11.1.2国内外的应用现状和存在问题.........................................................................21.1.3本课题的主要内容和关键技术.........................................................................31.1.4本章小结............................................................................................................42图像的采集.........................................................................................................................52.1引言...............................................................................................................................52.2景深对图像的影响.......................................................................................................52.3光源对图像质量的影响...............................................................................................72.3.1光源的分析与选择.............................................................................................72.3.2光照方式的分析和选择....................................................................................92.4本章小结....................................................................................................................103图像的预处理...................................................................................................................113.1引言............................................................................................................................113.2图像的增强................................................................................................................113.2.1灰度拉伸...........................................................................................................113.2.2直方图均衡化...................................................................................................123.2.3梯度场放大增强...............................................................................................133.2.4本课题采用的图像增强方法...........................................................................143.3图像的滤波去噪........................................................................................................143.3.1算术平均值滤波...............................................................................................143.3.2加权均值滤波...................................................................................................153.3.3中值滤波...........................................................................................................153.3.4本设计采用的滤波去噪方法...........................................................................173.4图像的二值化.......................................