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考研英语语法系列讲座2•………hispushforCongresstorepealthe“don’task,don’ttell”lawbarringthemilitaryfromallowinggaypeopletoserveopenly非谓语动词（非谓语动词）英语中动词的非谓语动词有三类：1.不定式：Infinitive2.动名词：Gerund3.分词：Participle现在分词：Presentparticiple过去分词：Pastparticiple1.不定式：FormUsageOmissionof“to”todo(nottodo)一般式（否定）tobedoing进行式主动tohavedone完成式tobedone一般式被动tohavebeendone完成式•一般式----进行式----完成式1.I’mgladtoseeyou.2.Theyinvitedustocometoaparty.3.Theyaresaidtobebuildinganotherbridgeovertheriver.4.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspapertohavebeenrobbedinbroaddaylightyesterday.一般式：不定式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，或者在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生。﹡进行式：谓语动词表示的动作发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行。完成式：不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前(同时发生)（之后发生）（正在进行）（谓语动词之前）用法1subject（主语）2object（宾语）3predicative（表语）4attribute（定语）5adverbial（状语）6complement（补足语）1.不定式作主语Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither．当不定式作主语时，习惯上用作it形式主语，而将动词不定式后置，构成固定句型。It’s+adj+todosth.(A:如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,--for/ofsbtodosth)不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时,不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导：absurd,bold,brave,courageous,careful,careless,clever,wise,foolish,silly,stupid,good,nice,kind,thoughtful,considerate,greedy,generous,honest,modest,polite,rude,cruel,selfish,lazy,wicked,wrong如：Expertssaywalkingisoneofthebestwaysforapersontostayhealthy.It’scleverofyoutohaveinventedsuchadevice.2.不定式作宾语Helovedtolistentomusic.IfinditdifficulttospeakEnglishfluently.Shedoesn’tknowwhattodo.（O.ofv.）Hehadnoideaofwhattodo.（O.ofprep.）下列动词要求不定式作宾语：afford,agree,aim,appear,arrange,care,choose,decide,desire,demand,determine,help,hope,intend,learn,manage,mean,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,strive,tend,wish,…不定式一般不能作介词的宾语，只有在极少介词如：but,except等后才行，此时不定式可带to或不带tocannothelpbutdo（不得不）,cannotbutdo,cannotchoosebutdo,candonothingbutdo,havenochoice/alternativebuttodo（只得）3.不定式作表语•Whatshewantstodomostnowis(to)travelabroad.•Themostimportantthingistotakemeasurestopreventthepollution.主语的内容或性质HeistomarryRose.表按计划要做的事情.Thegoalofscienceis_____________whythingshappen.(explain)•Notes:当主语是aim,goal,hope,purpose,plan,wish等词时，用不定式作表语，表示具体的动作或将来的动作.4.不定式作定语•Ineedapentowritewith.•CharlesLindberghisthefirstmantoflytheAtlanticalone.•Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.5.不定式作补足语（宾补和主补）不定式作宾补：Weoftenhearhersingthesongathome.Myteacheraskedmetogothereontime.Shewasconsideredtohavestolenthemoney.feel1,hear,listento2,make,let,have3，see,watch,notice,lookat4begasktellwantorderwishadviseexpect不定式做主语补足语：不定式作主补出现在被动语态之后（注意时态）said/reported/thought/believed/knownByronissaidtohavelivedonvinegarandpotatoes.Theviewisthoughttobewrong.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspapertohavebeenrobbedinbroaddaylightyesterday.不定式作主补，出现在形容词之后Hisscientificworksarenotthathardtounderstandwithalittlestudy.他的科学理论稍加研究是不难的。Myadvisorencouraged______asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake6.不定式作目的状语Timsatnearthefiretogetwarm.Inordertoachievetheseobjectives,we…..Somesitesdesigntheiragentstotemptjobhunterstoreturn.一些网站___________________________而设计自己的搜索代理。相当于用inorder(not)to，soas(not)to引导的目的状语。soasto通常不用于句首。为了吸引求职者再次访问1.Helenhadtoshout_____abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard3._________moreaboutuniversitycourses,call(920)746-3789.A．TofindoutB．FindingoutC．FindoutD．Havingfoundout4.Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust_______alookatthesportsstars.A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have7.不定式作结果状语常用enoughto，onlyto，neverto，so+形容词/副词+asto,such+名词…astodo,too…to引导。Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.HeisbraveenoughtogooutaloneatnightI’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.1.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only________thefilmstarshadleft.A．totellB．tobetoldC．tellingD．told2.Hehurriedtothestationonly______thatthetrainhadleft.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound8.不定式作原因状语常放在表示心理感觉的形容词后,一般在句末Iamhappytoseeyou.Shewassadtohearthebadnews.不定式固定词组做状语totellyouthetruthtomakethesituationworsetoconcludetomentiontobeexacttobefranktosumupnottospeaksotospeak说实话更糟糕的事总而言之提到。。。确切地说坦率的说概括地讲更不用说打个比方不定式固定词组做状语tosaytheleasttosaynothingoftobebrieftobefairtobesureneedlesstosaystrangetosaytoputitanotherwaytonameafew至少可以说更不用说简而言之说句公道话诚然不用说说来奇怪换言之举几个例子9.不定式的复合结构1.不定式复合结构做主语Fortheworktobedoneatonceisnecessary.=Itisnecessary……It’s+adj+（for/of)sbtodosthIt’s+n.(hightime)forsbtodosth2.不定式复合结构做宾语Ifounditimpossibleformetogettherebeforeten3.不定式复合结构做定语Walkingisoneofthebestwaysforpeopletostayhealthy.4.不定式复合结构做状语Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.(1994)9.不定式的完成式.表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears.seem、appear、besaid、besupposed、bebelieved、bethought、beknown、bereported等动词常用于上面句型。此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。I’msorrytokeepyouwaitingforaminute.对不起，请稍等。I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时还未等）（说话时已等了很久）1.Youweresillynot____yourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglocked2.----IsBobstillperforming?----I'mafraidnot.Heissaid________thestagealreadyashehasbecome