天津市滨海新区土地利用变化碳排放效应研究xxx摘要:土地利用变化引起的碳排放是影响全球温室气体含量的第二大原因。为了分析土地利用变化的碳排放效应,本文以天津市滨海新区为例,利用该区1994年、2000年、2005年、2010年的TM影像和2013年的OLI影像资料,借助目视解译以及GIS空间叠加分析功能,获取了滨海新区近20年的土地利用/覆被变化数据,并基于碳排放测算模型,运用相应数理统计方法,测算并分析了研究区主要土地利用方式的碳排放状况。结果表明:(1)研究期内,滨海新区总陆域面积(含滩涂)总体呈增加趋势,净增560.44km2,主要源于水域和湿地以及建设用地面积的增加;(2)滨海新区碳排放总量持续增加,由216.8925万t增加到422.0914万t,年均增长率和碳排放动态度分别为3.57%和4.73%,增长态势较为显著;(3)建设用地和耕地为主要碳源,水域和湿地以及林地为主要碳汇,但碳源/碳汇比值在69.25至102.63之间,滨海新区碳汇量远远不能抵消其碳源量,二者比例相差悬殊;(4)滨海新区碳排放强度下降态势迅猛,由12.8597t/万元下降到0.5858t/万元,年均降幅高达15.00%。关键词:碳排放;效应;土地利用变化;天津市滨海新区EffectsofCarbonEmissionsfromLand-UseChangeinTianjinBinhaiNewAreaAbstract:Itisthesecondleadingfactorofglobalgreenhousegasesforcarbonemissionscausedbylandusechange.ToanalyzetheeffectsoflandusechangeemissionsinTianjinBinhaiNewArea(TBNA),firstlywegottheremotesensingTMimagesin1994,2000,2005,2010andtheOLIimagein2013ofTBNA,thenbasedonthevisualinterpretationandGISspatialoverlayanalysisfunction,aswellascarbonemissionscalculationmodelandappropriatemathematicalstatistics,wegotnearly20years’dataoflanduse/coverchangeinTBNAsinceitbeennominatedindevelopmentplanning,thenestimatedthe20-yearcarbonemissionsstatusfrommajorlanduseintheareaandhavesomeanalysisonit.Theresultsshowedthat:(1)duringthestudyperiod,withanetincreaseof560.44km2,thetotallandareaofTBNA(includingthetidalflat)showedatrendofincrease,mainlyduetotheincreasedconstructionlandandwaterandwetlands;(2)Theauthorproposedtheindexofcarbonemissiondynamicdegree;duringthepast20years,thetotalcarbonemissionscontinuetoincrease,from216.8925104ttillupto422.0914104t,withanaverageannualgrowthrateofcarbonemissionsandthedynamicdegreeof3.57%and4.73%,thegrowthismoresignificant;(3)constructionlandandarablelandarethemaincarbonsource,whilewaterandwetlandsandwoodlandsarethemaincarbonsink,however,farfromTBNAcarbonsinkstooffsetitscarbonamount,carbonsource/carbonsinkratiobetweenthetwodisparities,withthefigurefrom69.25to102.63;(4)there’sarapiddownwardtrendincarbonintensityduringthestudyperiod,from12.8597t/104yuanfellto0.5858t/104yuan,withanaverageannualdeclineof15.00%.Keywords:CarbonEmissions;Effects;Land-UseChange;TianjinBinhaiNewArea目录1引言....................................................................................................................................42研究区概况........................................................................................................................53数据来源及研究方法........................................................................................................63.1数据来源.....................................................................................................................63.1.1基础数据来源.......................................................................................................63.1.2研究区域范围界定...............................................................................................63.1.3土地利用类型界定...............................................................................................63.2研究方法.....................................................................................................................73.2.1遥感影像数据预处理...........................................................................................73.2.2土地利用相关数据提取.......................................................................................73.2.3碳排放测算模型...................................................................................................84结果分析............................................................................................................................94.1天津滨海新区1994-2013年土地利用变化情况......................................................94.2天津滨海新区1994-2013年土地利用碳排放测算及分析....................................114.2.1碳排放总况分析.................................................................................................134.2.2碳源、碳汇效应分析.........................................................................................144.2.3碳排放强度分析.................................................................................................155结论及讨论......................................................................................................................175.1结论...........................................................................................................................175.2讨论...........................................................................................................................18参考文献:..........................................................................................................................20致谢.........................................................................................................错误!未定义书签。1引言当下,全球性环境问题层出不穷,温室效应首当其冲,据研究,土地利用变化引起的碳排放对全球温室气体含量的影响仅次于人类燃烧化石燃料[1],而土地是人类活动所依赖的空间载体,亦是陆地生态系统碳排放的载体,由此,展开土地利用碳排放相关研究将有着十分重要的现实意义。自20世纪90年代以来,国内外关于土地利用碳排放的研究陆续展开,日臻完善。关于国外研究,初期主要集中在土地利用/覆被变化对陆地生态系统碳循环影响的分析和测算方面,Havlin等(1990)[2],Tate等(2000)[3],Bolin&sukumar等[4],Campbell(2000)[5]等以物化性质为着眼点,分析了土地利用变化对生态系统碳循环的影响;Houghton等(2008)[6]分析了1850-2000年各种类型的土地利用变化导致的碳排放效应。2000年以