Lecture 6.1-Dark Romanticism

中国.中学政治教学网崇尚互联共享DarkRomanticismD.R.sharescharacteristicswithotherRomanticsbutmorepessimisticviewAuthors:(Hawthorne),Melville,EdgarAllanPoeViewofMan:moralstrugglewithevil;feelingsandintuition;darkinteriorViewofGod:goodv.evil;sinanditspsychologicaleffectsonpeopleViewofNature:evilfoundinsettingandsymbol;oftenthesupernaturalViewofSociety:mustbereformedthetragic,themysterious,themonstrous,andthesupernaturalsymbolism(darkimagery)thereissinandevilintheworldadarkandpessimistictone,unrealisticplots,andobsessedcharacterstheselfistheonlythingthatcanbeknownacloserelationtoGothicfictionoptimisticaboutman;……seenatureasadivineanduniversalorganicmediator;advocatingsocialreformDarkRomanticistspessimisticaboutman;……seenatureasbeingdark,decaying,andmysterious;failinginmakingchangesoutcastsfromsocietywithasenseofalienationman’sfutilestruggletodealwithterror,whichisoftengivenaconcreteformwithinasymbolhero-villainsPowerofpresenceofevilNologicinsocietyornature;mandependonselfNodogmacanteach;manlearnitontheirownManmustfightsocietyandnatureLifeismaskofappearanceBattlesofconscienceRedemptioninhumanloveforfellowmanMan=makerofownidentitymustacceptinabilitytofullyknowpowerofuniversemustknowownmortalitymustknowneedforfellowmanandcapacityforloveofhumankindManisnotequaltoGodLove=onlyelementofinnocencethatenduresCanresultinisolationor“hell”Responsibleforotherhumanbeings(1819—1891)://(1819—1891)•anAmericannovelist,shortstorywriter,essayistandpoet,whoseworkisoftenclassifiedaspartofthegenreofdarkromanticism.•bestknownforhisnovelMoby-DickandnovellaBillyBuddpublishedposthumously.•receivedrecognitionuntilthe1920s•“Hehasaveryhighandnoblenature”(1819—1891)ItwasnotuntiltheMelvilleRevivalintheearly20thcenturythathisworkwonrecognition,mostnotablyMoby-DickwhichwashailedasoneofthechiefliterarymasterpiecesofbothAmericanandworldliterature.HewasthefirstwritertohavehisworkscollectedandpublishedbytheLibraryofAmerica.—HisWorksTypee(1846)Omoo(1847)Mardi,Redburn(1849)White-Jacket(1850)MobyDick(1851)Pierre(1852)BillyBudd(1924)—Writingstyles1.Hisworksaresymbolicandmetaphorical.voyage-searchanddiscovery,thesearchfortheultimatetruthofexperience.thePequod-theshipoftheAmericansoulMobyDick---asymbolofbothevilandgoodnessitswhiteness---paradoxicalcolor(deathandcorruption+purity,innocence,andyouth)—Writingstyles2.Hemanagestoachievetheeffectofambiguitythroughemployingthetechniqueofmultipleviewofhisnarratives.MobyDickisportrayedforthereaderfromdifferentangles.Theauthorisunwillingtocommithimself,andthereaderisthrownuponhimselfforjudgment.(掉尾章的手法).thelastparagraphofchapteronepullingallthingsintoonesentenceisagoodillustrationinpoint.(1851)•anencyclopediaofeverything(history,philosophy,religion,thewhalingindustry)•aShakespeareantragedyofmanfightingagainstfates(1851)(1851)(1851)--themes1)Melville'sbleakview(negativeattitude):thesenseoffutilityandmeaninglessnessoftheworld.Hisattitudetolifeis“EverlastingNay”Maninthisuniverselivesameaninglessandfutilelife,meaninglessbecausefutile.Mancannotovercomenature.Onceheattemptstoseekpoweroveritheisdoomed.theadventureofkillingMobyDick(theembodimentofnature)ismeaningless.Ahabtriestocontrolit,whichleadstohisdoom.modernlifecausesthelossoffaith,thesenseoffutilitywhicharewellexpressedinMobyDick(1851)--themes2)alienation(farawayfromeachother)existsbetweenmanandman,manandsociety,andmanandnature.Ahabcutshimselfofffromhisfamily,staysawayfromhiscrew,hatesMobyDickandbecomesadevilrushingtohisdoom.Hewaswithin“themasoned,walledtownofacaptian’sexclusiveness”,whichleadshimtohisdoom.(1851)--themes3)lonelinessandsuicidalindividualism(individualismcausingdisasteranddeath)MobyDickisanegativereflectionuponTranscendentalismAhab:toomuchofaself-reliantindividualtobeagoodhumanbeingavictimofextremeindividualism•Thepriceofself-relianceisdeath.中国.中学