Incoterms-2010-国际贸易术语解释通则2010

Incoterms20101/88贸易术语解释通则2010ForewordByRajatGupta,ICCChairmanTheglobaleconomyhasgivenbusinessbroaderaccessthaneverbeforetomarketsallovertheworld.Goodsaresoldinmorecountries，inlargequantities,andingreatervariety.Butasthevolumeandcomplexityofglobalsalesincrease,sodopossibilitiesformisunderstandingsandcostlydisputeswhensalecontractsarenotadequatelydrafted.TheIncoterms®rules,theICCrulesontheuseofdomesticandinternationaltradeterms,facilitatetheconductofglobaltrade.ReferencetoanIncoterms2010ruleinasalecontractclearlydefinestheparties'respectiveobligationsandreducestheriskoflegalcomplications.SincethecreationoftheIncotermsrulesbyICCin1936,thisgloballyacceptedcontractualstandardhasbeenregularlyupdatedtokeeppacewiththedevelopmentofinternationaltrade.TheIncoterms2010rulestakeaccountofthecontinuedspreadofcustoms-freezones,theincreaseduseofelectroniccommunicationsinbusinesstransactions,heightenedconcernaboutsecurityinthemovementofgoodsandconsolidatesintransportpractices.Incoterms2010updatesandconsolidatesthe'delivered'rules,reducingthetotalnumberofrulesfrom13to11,andoffersasimplerandclearerpresentationofalltherules.Incoterms2010isalsothefirstversionoftheIncotermsrulestomakeallreferencestobuyersandsellersgender-neutral.ThebroadexpertiseofICC'sCommissiononCommercialLawandPractice,whosemembershipisdrawnfromallpartsoftheworldandalltradesectors,ensuresthattheIncoterms2010rulesrespondtobusinessneedseverywheredefinestheparties'respectiveobligationsandreducestheriskoflegalcomplications.ICCwouldliketoexpressitsgratitudetothemembersoftheCommission,chairedbyFabioBortolotti(Italy),totheDraftingGroup,whichcomprisedCharlesDebattista(Co-Chair,France),JensBredow(Germany),JohnnyHerre(Sweden),DavidLwee(UK),LauriRailas(Finland),FrankReynolds(US),andMiroslavSubert(SzechRepublic),andtoAskoRaty(Finland)forassistancewiththeimagesdepictingthe11rules.前言国际商会主席RajatGupta全球经济一体化使得商业通向世界各地市场的途径空前宽广。各种各样的货物被销售到世界各地。然而，随着全球贸易数额的增加和贸易复杂性的加强，因贸易合同起草不恰当而带来的误解和高代价争端也可能随之增加。国际贸易术语解释通则，国际商会规则在国内和国际贸易用语的使用促进了全球贸易的进行。在贸易合同中引用国际贸易术语解释通则2010可明确界定各方义务并降低法律纠纷产生的风险。自从1936年国际商会制定出国际贸易术语解释通则之后，此项在全球范围内被采用的合同标准就经常性地更新换代，与国际贸易的发展步调一致。国际贸易术语解释通则2010考虑了免税贸易区的不断增加，电子沟通在商务中的不断增多，以及被更加重视的货物运输中的安全和变化等问题。国际贸易术语解释通则2010更新并加强了交货规则，将规则总量从13条减少到了11条，并且使得所有规则的表述更加简洁明确。国际贸易术语解释通则2010同时也是第一个使得所有在买卖双方中的适用保持中立的第一个国际贸易术语解释版本。国际商会的商法和实践委员会成员来自世界各地和多个贸易部门，该委员会广泛的专业技能确保了国际贸易术语解释通则2010与各地的商贸需求相适应。国际商会向FabioBortolotti（意大利）的商法和实践委员会的成员表示谢意，向由CharlesDebattista（副组长，英国），ChristophMartinRadtke（副组长，法国），JensBredow（德国），JohnnyHerre（瑞典），DavidLwee（英国），LauriRailas（芬兰），FrankReynold（美国），MiroslavSubert（捷克）组成的起草小组致谢，并且向对11条规则的表述给予帮助的AskoRaty（芬兰）致谢。Incoterms20102/88贸易术语解释通则2010INTRODUCTIONTheIncoterms®rulesexplainasetofthree-lettertradetermsreflectingbusiness-to-businesspracticeincontractsforthesaleofgoods.TheIncoterms®rulesdescribemainlythetasks,costsandrisksinvolvedinthedeliveryofgoodsfromsellerstobuyers.HowtousetheIncoterms®2010rules1.IncorporatetheIncoterms®2010rulesintoyourcontractofsaleIfyouwanttheIncoterms®2010rulestoapplytoyourcontract,youshouldmakethisclearinthecontract,throughsuchwordsas,“[thechosenIncotermsruleincludingthenamedplace,followedby]Incoterms®2010”.2.ChoosetheappropriateIncotermsruleThechosenIncotermsruleneedstobeappropriatetothegoods,tothemeansoftheirtransport,andabovealltowhetherthepartiesintendtoputadditionalobligations,forexamplesuchastheobligationtoorganizecarriageorinsurance,ontheselleroronthebuyer.TheGuidanceNotetoeachIncotermsrulecontainsinformationthatisparticularlyhelpfulwhenmakingthischoice.WhicheverIncotermsruleischosen,thepartiesshouldbeawaretheinterpretationoftheircontractmaywellbeinfluencedbycustomsparticulartotheportorplacebeingused.3.SpecifyyourplaceorportaspreciselyaspossibleThechosenIncotermsrulecanworkonlyifthepartiesnameaplaceorport,andwillworkbestifthepartiesspecifytheplaceorportaspreciselyaspossible.Agoodexampleofsuchprecisionwouldbe:：“FCA38CoursAlbert1er,Paris,FranceIncoterms2010”.UndertheIncotermsruleExWorks(EXW),FreeCarrier(FCA),DeliveredatTerminal(DAT),DeliveredatPlace(DAP),DeliveredDutyPaid(DDP),FreeAlongsideShip(FAS),andFreeonBoard(FOB),thenamedplaceistheplacewheredeliverytakesplaceandwhereriskpassesfromthesellertothebuyer.介绍Incoterms®规则规定了一系列在货物销售商业合同实践中使用的三字母系列贸易术语Incoterms®规则主要描述了货物从卖方到买方运输过程中涉及的责任，费用和风险的划分。如何适用Incoterms®2010规则1.把Incoterms®2010规则应用到销售合同中如果要使合同适用Incoterms规则2010，应在合同中明确表明，例如：所选择的Incoterms规则（含指定地点）适用Incoterms®规则2010。2.选择适宜的Incoterms规则所选的Incoterms规则需要与货物，采取的运输方式相适宜，最重要的是合同双方是否意欲添加额外的义务，例如将办理运输或保险的义务加于买方或卖方。每个贸易术语的指导性解释中的信息对作出如此的决定非常有帮助。不论选用何种Incoterms规则，双方应该意识到对合同的解释会受到使用的港口或地址惯例影响。3.尽可能精准地描述你方地址或港口名称只有当事人双方选定特定的一个收货地或港口时，所选术语才能发挥作用。地点或港口名称越精准，Incoterms规则越有效。以下精准描述就是一个很好的例子：FCA38CoursAlbert1er，法国巴黎，2010通则在Incoterms规则下：EXW工厂交货（……指定地点）FCA货交承运人(……指定地点)”DAT终点站交货(……指定目的地)DAP地点交货(……指定目的地)DDP完税后交货(……指定目的地)FAS船边交货(……指定装运港)FOB船上交货(……指定装运港)此处所指地点为交货地点，同时风险也从卖方转移至买方。Incoterms20103/88贸易术语解释通则2010UndertheIncotermsruleCarriagePaidto(CPT),CarriageandInsurancePaidto(CIP),CostandFreight(CFR)Cost,InsuranceandFreight(CIF),Thenamedplacediffersfromtheplaceofde