冷煤气站的设计3李敬

I100000万NM3/a煤气发生炉冷煤气站的初步设计摘要煤炭被人们誉为黑色的金子，工业的食粮，它是十八世纪以来人类世界使用的主要能源之一。煤气化技术是煤炭清洁高效转化的核心技术。它是以煤或焦煤为原料，以氧气（空气，富氧或纯氧）、水蒸气或氢气等作气化剂，在高温条件下通过化学反应将煤或焦煤中的可燃部分转化为气体燃料的过程。作为洁净煤技术的一种，在我国煤气化技术有着重要的存在和发展的价值。本设计综述了相关文献，按照任务书的要求，结合原料煤的来源、煤气的用途、供气压力要求等因素，对比了各种不同类型的气化工艺流程，分析了热、冷煤气站之间以及冷煤气站中相关的工艺流程的特点。重点论述和探讨了无烟煤冷煤气站的建立，从而对从原料煤入炉到净煤气入柜为止的初步设计工艺流程进行了设定。设定的流程为：煤气发生炉→旋风分离器→废热锅炉→单竖管→半净煤气总管→隔离水封→洗涤塔→电除尘→净煤气总管→排送机→捕滴器→总管。在选定的工艺流程的基础上，通过对物料及热量平衡、设备选型的计算，确定了相关的工艺参数。并且绘制了带控制点工艺流程图、煤气站设备平面布置图和煤气站设备立面布置图。关键词：煤炭，煤气化，冷煤气站，初步设计IIPRELIMINARYDESIGNOFCOLDGASSTATIONABOUTTHEGASGENERATOROF1BILLIONNM3/AABSTRACTCoalisknownasblackgold,industrialfood,ithasbeenoneofthemainenergysinceeighteenthcenturythehumanuses.Coalgasificationtechnologyisthecleanefficientconversionofthecoaltechnology.Basedoncoalorcokeastherawmaterial,andoxygen(air,oxygenorpureoxygen),steamorhydrogenasagasifyingagent,itisaprocessoftransformingcombustibleportioninthecoalorcokeintothefuelgasathightemperaturethroughachemicalreaction.Asoneofthecleancoaltechnologies,coalgasificationtechnologyhastheveryimportantvalueofexistenceanddevelopmentinourcountry.Accordingtoreadalotaboutthetaskandissueinaccordancewiththedesignofthegraduationrequirementsofthebook,andbasedontherequirementsofrawmaterials,thecoalgassource,thepurpose,gaspressure,thedifferenttypesofgasificationprocessarecomparedandthepropertiesofhot/coldgasIIIstationandtheprocessesinthecoldgasstationsareanalysised.Theprocessofpreliminarydesignwhichisfromrawcoaltogasintothearknetisdefinedafterrewiewingcoldgasstationanthracite’ssetting.Theprocessis:Gasgenerator→Cycloneseparator→Wasteheatboiler→Singleverticaltube→Themainhalfcleanedgaspipe→Isolatedstorage→Washingtower→Cottrell→Themaincleanedgaspipe→Rowairport→spraycatcher→Themaingaspipe.Onthatbasis,therelatedparametersaredeterminedaccordingtothecalculationofthematerial,heatbalance,equipmentselection.Theprocessflowchart,thegasstationwithcontrolequipmentchartandthegasstationequipmentelevationchartaredrawn.Keywords：Coal,Coalgasification，Coldgasstation，PreliminarydesignIV目录摘要...................................................................................................IABSTRACT...........................................................................................II第一章总论...........................................................................................11.1.绪论..........................................................................................11.1.1.我国煤炭资源的地位............................................................11.1.2.煤气化概况.........................................................................11.1.3.煤气化现状.........................................................................21.1.4.煤气化发展趋势.................................................................31.2.工艺流程选择.............................................................................51.1.1.流程简介............................................................................61.1.2.工艺流程的选择原则............................................................71.1.3.工艺流程的确定..................................................................81.3.主要设备...................................................................................91.3.1.发生炉.............................................................................91.3.2.旋风分离器....................................................................151.3.3.废热锅炉.......................................................................151.1.4.单竖管.............................................................................171.1.5.洗涤塔.............................................................................171.1.6.电除尘.............................................................................191.1.7.风机................................................................................201.1.8.捕滴器.............................................................................22第二章工艺计算部分.........................................................................222.1.1.原始数据.......................................................................232.1.2.物料衡算.......................................................................242.1.3.热量衡算.......................................................................292.1.4.热效率...........................................................................31V2.1.5.气化效率.......................................................................322.2.主要设备工艺计算和选型..........................................................322.2.1.煤气发生炉....................................................................322.2.2.旋风除尘器....................................................................322.2.3.废热锅炉.......................................................................342.2.4.竖管..............................................................................422.2.5.洗涤塔...........................................................................442.2.6.静电除尘器....................................................................552.2.7.风机.......................................................