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IntroductionofSonnets•Sonnets(十四行诗/商赖诗）:apoemin14lines.•OriginatedinItaly,aformverypopularinRenaissanceEurope,especiallyinItaly,FranceandEngland.•BroughttoEnglandbyThomasWyattinmid-16thcentury.•theItalianorPetrarchansonnet:abbaabbacdcdcd•theShakespearianorEnglishsonnet:ababcdcdefefggRhymeschemePetrarch•(1304–1374)•anItalianscholar,poet,andearlyhumanist.•PetrarchandDanteareconsideredthefathersoftheRenaissance.•Asonnetisafourteen-linelyricpoem,traditionallywritteniniambicpentameter（五音步抑扬格）•thatis,inlinestensyllableslong,withaccentsfallingoneverysecondsyllable,asin:•ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?iambic•anunstressed/stressedcombinationofsyllablesinametricalfootiambic•alightlystressedsyllablefollowedbyaheavilystressedsyllable•Example:•Thecúrfewtóllstheknéllofpártingdáy.pentameter•apentameterisalineofverseconsistingoffivemetricalfeet，•aniambicpentameterhas10syllables.iambicpentameter•popularEnglishverseformconsistingoffivemetricalfeet--witheachfootconsistingofaniamb(ie,anunstressedsyllablefollowedbyastressedsyllable:daDUM).iambicpentameter•Rhymedpairsofiambicpentameterarecalledheroiccouplets(aformassociatedwithChaucerandPope).•Unrhymediambicpentameteriscalledblankverse(aformassociatedwithShakespeareandMilton).•SonnetswerealsowrittenduringtheheightofclassicalEnglishverse,byDrydenandPope,amongothers,•andwrittenagainduringtheheydayofEnglishRomanticism,whenWordsworth,Shelley,andparticularlyJohnKeatscreatedwonderfulsonnets.•Today,thesonnetremainsthemostinfluentialandimportantverseforminthehistoryofEnglishpoetry.•Sonnets1-126:addressedtoayoungman•Sonnets127-152:addressedto“DarkLady”•Sonnets153-154:addressedtoCupid,theGodofloveinGreekmythologyShakespeare’s154sonnetsThemeofSonnet18•Praisingthebeautyoftheyoungman•Transienceofbeautyinnature•Immortalityofartingeneral(poetryinparticular)Rhetoricaldevices•simile,•metaphor,•inversion,•personification,•exaggeration,•contrastShakespeare'sSonnetsSonnet18•ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate:•Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm'd,Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychance,ornature'schangingcourseuntrimm'd:•Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow'st,Norshalldeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrow'st,•Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.名家译文欣赏•屠岸译文：能不能让我来把你比作夏日？你可是更加可爱，更加温婉；狂风会吹落五月里开的好花儿。夏季租出的日子又未免太短暂：•有时候苍天的巨眼照得太灼热，他那金彩的脸色也会被遮暗；每一种美呀，总会离开美而凋落，被时机或者自然的代谢所摧残。但是你永久的夏天决不会凋枯，你永远不会失去你美的形相；•死神夸不着你在他影子里踯躅，你将在不朽的诗中与时间同长；只要人类在呼吸，眼睛看得见，我这诗就活着，使你生命绵延。•注：屠岸(1923～)，文学翻译家，诗人。•梁实秋译文：我可能把你和夏天相比拟？你比夏天更可爱更温和：狂风会把五月的花苞吹落地夏天也嫌太短促，匆匆而过。•有时太阳照得太热，常常又遮暗他的金色的脸；美的事物总不免要凋落，偶然的，或是随自然变化而流转。•但是你的永恒之夏不会褪色，你不会失去你的俊美的仪容；死神不能夸说你在它的阴影里面走着，如果你在这不朽的诗句里获得了永生；只要人们能呼吸，眼睛能看东西，此诗就会不朽，使你永久生存下去。•注：梁实秋(1903—1987),著名文学评论家、散文家、翻译家•孙大雨译文：我可要将你比作初夏的清晖？你却焕耀得更可爱，也更温婉；狂风震撼五月天眷宠的嫩蕊，孟夏的良时便会变得太短暂。•晴空里赤日有时光照得过亮，它那赫奕的金容会转成阴晦；被机运或被造化变迁所跌宕，任何美妙的形象会显得不美。但你这丰华的永夏不会衰颓，你不会丧失你这无比的修好；•死亡不会夸，你在它影下低回，有这些诗行将你的韶光永葆：只要人们还活着，眼睛还能看，这首诗便能栩栩赋与你霞丹。•孙大雨（1905--1997）：文学翻译家,诗人。我国第一位用诗体翻译莎士比亚诗剧的学者，第一位尝试写作十四行诗的诗人，文学史家唐弢曾称孙大雨的十四行诗是中国诗人中写得最好的。十四行诗网址••有文本，有图片少数