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Tube(structure)TubeFramedtubeTrussedtubeTubeintubeBundledtubeFramedtubeThisisthesimplestincarnationofthetube.Itcantakeavarietyoffloorplanshapesfromsquareandrectangular,circular,andfreeform.TheWorldTradeCenter'sTwinTowersweresomeofthefirststructurestouseaframedtubedesign.Themanycolumnsoftheframedtubecanbeseeninthishorizontalcrosssection.Thetube-framedesignisanewapproachthatallowedmoreopenfloorplansthanthetraditionaldesignthatdistributedcolumnsthroughouttheinteriortosupportbuildingloads.TrussedtubeMassingmodelshowingtheshapeoftheBankofChinaTower.Thelabelscorrespondtothenumberof'X'shapesoneachoutwardfacingside.Themajorityofthegravityandlateralloadsarenormallytakenbytheoutertubebecauseofitsgreaterstrength.TubeintubeBundledTubeWillisTowerisclusteredina3×3matrixformingasquarebasewith75-metersidesWillisTower