John Bunyan

JohnBunyan(1628–1688)thechiefPuritanwriterofproseJohnBunyan(1628–1688)LifeExperienceReligiousbeliefHisMainworksHiswritingstyleLifeExperience1628borninapoorfamilywhosefatherisatinker1635receivingeducationathisfather’shouseandlaterwithothercountryboysatlocalschool.1640choosingajoblikehisfatherbyadoptingthetradeoftinker1644joiningtheparlimentaryarmyduringtherevolutiontimeandbecomeapreacher1660thrownintojailforpreachingwithoutthepermissionfromtheEstablishedChurch.Whilehewasinjailforthesecondtime,hestartedhismostfamousworkThePilgrim’sProgress.1678ThePilgrim’sProgresswaspublished1688diedofabadfever.HismarriagetohisChristianwifeledhimtotheLord.ItisdifficulttotellexactlywhenBunyanwasconverted.In1653BunyanrenouncedthechurchofEnglandandjoinedthechurchofJohnGiffordwherehewasre-baptized(洗礼),andbegantolearntopreach.ReligiousbeliefWiththereturenofKingCharlesIIfromexilein1660,Bunyanwasarrestedforpreaching(becausetheChurchofEnglandwasonceagainthestatechurch)andjailed.In1675hewasarrestedagain,theninjailhebeganThePilgrim’sProgress.BedfordJailHisMainworksGraceAboundingtotheChiefofSinner《罪人受恩记》Pilgrim’sProgress(masterpiece)《天路历程》TheLifeandDeathofMr.Badman《贝德曼先生的一生》TheHolyWar《神圣战争》ThePilgrim’sProgressTheCityofDestruction毁灭城TheCelestialCity天国TheSloughofDespond绝望泥潭ThevalleyofHumiliation屈辱谷TheRiverofDeath死亡河TheDoubtingCastle猜忌城TheVanityFair名利场ThePilgrim’sProgressliterarygenre:themostsuccessfulreligiousallegory.Theme:(maintheme)theassertionofhisreligiousviews.(subtheme)satiresattheviceandillsoftheEnglishsocietyhelivedin.allegoryAllegoryisanarrative,inwhichthecharactersandactions,andsometimesthesettingaswell,arecontrivedtomakecoherentsenseontheliterallevelofsignification,andatthesametimetosignifyasecond,correlatedorderofsignification.Thecentraldeviceofallegoryisthepersonificationofabstractentitiessuchasvirtues,vices,statesofmind,modesoflife,andtypesofcharacters.Stylesimpleanddailyusedexpressions.biblicallanguage.revealinghisideasinadirectandstraightforwardway.AnalysisofThePilgrim’sProgressThoughanallegory,itscharactersimpressthereaderlikerealpersons.Inreality,theCelestialCityinThePilgrim’sProgressisthevisionofanidealhappysocietydreamedbyapoortinkerinthe17thcentury,throughaveilofreligiousmist.VanityFairofThePilgrim’sProgress“VanityFair”isaremarkablepassage.Itisanepitome(缩影)oftheEnglishsocietyaftertheRestoration.EverythingcanbesoldorboughtinthisfairandthepersecutionofChristianandFaithfulisdescribed.Predominentmetaphor:lifeasajourney.Bunyancherishedadeephatredofboththekingandhisgovernment.Hesawanddetestedtheinjusticeoflaws,trialsandmagistrates,betweenwhomandhissaintstherewasaperpetualwar.SymbolismPilgrim’sjourney---lifeasajourney.Pilgrims---commonpeopleAChristian’ssalvation---theprogressofthecommonpeoplewantingtogetridoftheagonyandanxiety,andinsearchingofeternalworldlyhappiness.