倍数表达法11.29

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口诀:规则的“撒谎”,不规则的“躺”,躺过就“下蛋”。(lie当“说谎”用,它的过去式和过去分词都为lied,而当“躺”用时,它的过去式为“下蛋”即lay)中文原形过去式过去分词现在分词说明放置;产卵laylaidlaidlaying及物动词躺;位于lielaylainlying不及物动词说谎lieliedliedlying不及物动词Ifyoulike,youcanliedownonyourbed,layingyourselfinacomfortableposition,andlietoyourselfthatyoudon'tlikelyingthere,oryoucanimaginewhereyouwouldliketolaytheeggsafterthehenslayeggs.1.…倍数+as+形容词原级+as…2.…倍数+形容词比较级+than…3…倍数+the+名词(size/length/width/height...)+of...•1…倍数+as+形容词原级+as…•Theearthis49timesasbigasthemoon.地球体积是月球体积的49倍。•这块大石头的重量是那块的三倍。Thisbigstoneisthreetimesasheavyasthatone.•2.…倍数+形容词比较级+than…•TheYangtzeRiverisalmosttwicelongerthanthePearlRiver.•长江差不多比珠江长两倍。•这本字典比那本恰好贵5倍。Thedictionaryisexactlyfivetimesmoreexpensivethanthatone.•3…倍数+the+名词(size/length/width/height...)of...•Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.•地球体积是月球体积的49倍。•这块大石头的重量是那块的三倍Thisbigstoneisthreetimestheweightofthatone.Theuseof“it”1.It用作形式宾语当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在句子中作宾语时,为保持平衡,避免句式结构的混乱,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it只起引导作用,无意义。S+v+it+adj.n(forsb)todosth..从句doingsth+HefounditdifficulttostopsmokingIthinkitbestthatyoushoulddomoreexercise.ShethoughtitnogoodworryingabouthimIt作形式宾语代替不定式、动词-ing短语、或从句。……findpossible1.S+think+it+necessary+(forsb.)todosth./clause.feelimportant……形式宾语…arule2.S+V+it+one’sduty+(forsb.)todosth./clauseanhonour…3.S+V+it+nogood+doingsth.nouse完成句子(1)They________________(发觉……难)tofinishtheirworkintwodays.(2)We________________(认为……是我们的职责)tocleanourclassroomeveryday.(3)Itisimportant_______(对她来说)tocometotheparty.founditdifficultthinkitourdutyforher作形式宾语(PreparatorySubject)为了记忆方便我们把该句型总结为6123结构。6指主句中常用的动词:think,believe,make,find,consider,feel;1指的是形式宾语it;2指的是宾补的两种形式:形容词或名词;3指的是真正宾语的三种形式:不定式短语,动名词短语或从句。Wethinkitourdutytocleanourclassroomeveryday.HefeltitimportantlearningEnglishwell.Theyfounditdifficultthattheywouldfinishtheirworkintwodays.It作形式宾语的特殊用法•某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词,如like,enjoy,love,hate,dislike,appreciate等后往往不能直接接宾语从句;必须先由it担任形式宾语,再接从句.Wewouldmuchappreciateitifyoucoulddousthatfavour.要是你们能帮我们这个忙,我们将非常感激。I'dpreferitifIdidn'thavetofinishthework.要是我不必完成那项工作,那就太好了。ItisamazingthatatmyageIamstillfit.Itiseasytobecomeaddictedtosmoking.itisnogoodcryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水难收)It作形式主语代替不定式、动词-ing短语、或从句。2.It用作形式主语当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作主语时,为保持句子结构前后平衡,避免头重脚轻,因此常用it作形式主语置于句首,而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用,本身无词义。Itbe+adjnp.p(for/ofsb)todosth主语从句doingsth+1.It+be+adj.+主语从句这是主语从句最常见的一种结构。ItisuncertainwhetherhecancometoJenny’sbirthdaypartyornot.注意:如若形容词为important/necessary,good/wrongnatural...表达一种要求,命令或者责备时,多使用虚拟语气(should+V).但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情,完全可以用一般的陈述语气。不过考试建议你还是多用虚拟语气Itisimportantthatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.Itisnecessarythathe(should)rememberthesewords.2.It+be+过去分词+主语从句,这类过去分词有:announced,believed,expected,hoped,decided,reported,said,shown等,如:Itisreportedthat16peoplewerekilledintheearthquake.Itisnotdecidedwhowillgivetheoperationtothepatient.ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.注意:如果主句中的过去分词是表示请求,建议,命令等词如:suggested/ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded...等时that后的从句要用虚拟语(should+动词原形),should可以省;常译为,“据建议;有命令...)Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Itwasorderedthatwe(should)arrivethereintwohours.3.It+be+名词词组+主语从句这类名词有:afact,apity,ashame,anhonour,aquestion等,如:It’sapitythatyoumissedtheexcitingfootballmatch.Itremainsaquestionwhetherhewillcomeornot.注意:如若表示出乎意料之意时,从句一般用虚拟语气常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气。Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.4.It+不及物动词+主语从句这类不及物动词有:appear,seemhappen,matter等。译为好像……/碰巧……/如:•Itseemedthathedidn’ttellthetruth.•IthappenedthatIwasoutwhenhecalled.•5.It+be+形容词+(forsb.)+动词不定式这类句型常用形容词easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,wise等作表语,有时候为了强调不定式动作的执行者,常在不定式前加forsb,译为“对某人来说做某事怎么样”如:It’snecessaryfortheyoungtomastertwoforeignlanguage.Itisunwisetogivethechildrenwhatevertheywant.•6.It+be+形容词+ofsb.+动词不定式这类形容词常是表示心理品质,性格特征的形容词,如:kind,nicestupid,clever,foolish,polite,impolite,silly,selfish,considerate等。某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。如:•It’sverykindofyoutohelpmewiththework.=Youarekindtohelpme.•Itseemedselfishofhimnottosharehisdictionarywithothers.=Heseemedselfishnottosharehisdictionarywithothers.•7.It+be+名词词组+动词不定式,如:Itisnotagoodhabittostayuptoolate.8.It+be+名词或形容词+动名词,这类名词和形容词常常是:good,nogood,nouse,awasteof…,useless,senseless等,如:It’sawasteoftimetalkingtoheranymore.Itisnousearguingaboutthematterwithhim.•9.It+take(sb.)+时间(金钱)+动词不定式,译为,做某事花了某人多长时间或多少钱。如:Ittooktheworkersalmostthreeyearstofinishbuildingthedam.Itwilltakeawholedaytogettothetopofthemountainonfoot.实战练习高考真题1.Infactisahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.(2001上海)A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it2.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET1995)A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It3.Isnecessarytotakeoffourshoeswhenweenterthelab?(MET88)A.everyoneB.thisC.herD.it4._____willtakeyoualotoftimetofindhiminthecrowd.A.ItB.IC.WeD.They5.Itisnousehis_________there,thesituationishopelessnow.A.togoB.tobegoingC.goingD.havinggone•6.Is_______necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?(MET89)A.thisB.thatC.itD.he•7.Does_______matterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime?(MET91)A.thisB.thatC.heD.itTheUsageof“it”常见用法特殊用法6123三大句型形式主语形式宾语Summary九个句型Itbe+adj…Itbe+n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