George Orwell生平及简介

LOGOThankYou!GeorgeOrwellEricArthurBlair(1903~1950)CONTENTSParentageCareerMajorworksInfluenceOrwell'spresscardportrait,takenin1933outlineborninBengal(孟加拉）,Indiahisfather---aminorBritishofficialinIndiancivilservicehismother---Frenchparentage,daughterofatimbermerchantinBurmaParentage（出身，门第）Childhood:Hestudiedinthemostfamousschool“Eton”.morose(孤僻的）,unsociableanddisobedientatruerebelautobiographicalessaySuch,SuchWeretheJoys(posthumously,1953)Eton（伊顿公学）Itisalargeboys'school,withover1,300students,andwasfoundedin1440byKingHenryVI.Therewere20primeministersbroughtupinEtoninhistory.Ithascultivatedmanycelebrities,includingthepoetShelley,theeconomistKeynes(凯恩斯）andevenPrinceWilliamandHarryareOldEtonians.Amongitsgraduates,30%ofthemareadmittedtoOxfordandtheCambridgeUniversity,andtherestwillbeacceptedbymanyotherworld-famousuniversities.MarriageandDeath•EileenO‘Shaugnessy•Orwell’swifediedin1945andin1949heremarriedawomannamedSoniaBrowell.Orwell'ssecondmarriagewasshort-lived,ashediedfromtuberculosis（TB)（肺结核）inLondononJanuary21st,1950.Andhewasonly46yearsold.GeorgeOrwellHetravelledwidely.--Marrakechisoneoftheplaceshetravelledto.Histravelmadehimtakeahostileattitudetowardsimperialism.Heshoweddeepsympathyforthepoorandbecameafirmsupporterofsocialism.Imperialism（帝国主义）Thepolicyofextendingacountry'sinfluenceoverlesspowerfulstates(OxfordWorldEncyclopedia(1998).Marrakech,MoroccoCareertitleCONTENTScareerFranceEnglandBurmaSpainBBCBurma(1922~1928)HeservedintheIndianImperialPoliceforfiveyearsandeventuallyresignedfromthepostin1928.HisserviceinBurmabroughthimasenseofguiltwhenhetookpartintheimperialistoppressionledbythecolonialpeople.BurmeseDays(1934)FranceHedeterminedtoabandonthemiddleclasswayoflifeandassociatedwiththeoutcast(流浪的）anddowntrodden（受压迫的）people.HedressedinragsandstayedinFrancedoingavarietyofjobstokeephimselfalive.EnglandHewasinpoverty,butkeptacloseandpenetratinglookattheconditionofthepoorandoutcastpeople.Alifeofpovertyandthefeelingoffailurestrengthenedmybornhatredontheauthority,anditisthefirsttimethatIrealizedtheexistenceoftheworkingclass.Usingthepseudonym,GeorgeOrwell,hebeganwritingarticlesformagazines.–HejoinedtheSpanishWarandhewasseriouslywounded.TheSpanishsocialistforcesdividedintofactions（派别）.Thefactionhebelongedtowaspersecuted,sohebecamepessimisticanddepressedwhichledhimtowardstheanti-communistattitude.ThesquareinBarcelonarenamedinOrwell'shonourtitleMajorWorksAnti-fascism(反法西斯主义)Anti-StalinistleftAnti-StalinistleftDemocraticsocialismLiterarycriticismNewsPolemic(争论)subjectsAListofhisworks1931《行刑》AHanging1933《巴黎伦敦落魄记》DownAndOutInParisAndLondon1934《在缅甸的日子》BurmeseDays1935《牧师的女儿》AClergyman’sDaughter1936《让叶兰在风中飞舞》KeepTheAspidistraFlying1938《向加泰罗尼亚致敬》HomagetoCatalonia1939《上来透口气》ComingUpForAir1940《鲸鱼之中》InsidetheWhale1941《狮子与独角兽》TheLionandTheUnicorn:SocialismandtheEnglishGenius）1945《动物庄园》AnimalFarm1945《民族主义的基本特征》NotesonNationalism1946《穷人之死》HowthePoorDie1949《甘地的思考》ReflectionsonGandhi1950《猎象记》ShootingAnElephant1950《一九八四》NineteenEighty-FourAnimalFarm(1945)ananti-SoviettaleItrelatestheoverthrowofafarmer'styrannicalrulebytheanimalsandtheanimals'effortstoestablishansociety.Alludingto（暗指）politicaleventsinRussiafromtheRevolutiontoWorldWarIIattackstheextremesofStalinism（斯大林主义）.oneoftheSevenCommandments（法令）•Allanimalsareequal,butsomeanimalsaremoreequalthanothers.•所有的动物生来平等，但有的动物较之其他动物更为平等。Itsinfluence•Timemagazinerankedthebookasoneofthe100bestEnglish-languagenovels(1923to2005).•ItwonaRetrospectiveHugoAwardin1996andisalsoincludedintheGreatBooksoftheWesternWorld.NineteenEighty-Four(1949)•Aterrifyingpictureoflifeundertheconstantsurveillanceof“BigBrother.”•Atotalitarianregime（极权政体）thatoutlaws（剥夺）truth,love,thought,andtheconceptoftheindividual,andcontrolsitspopulacewithfear,bruteforce,andpropaganda.•Theheroofthenovel,WinstonSmith.titleInfluences&EvaluationsTheWintryConscienceofaGeneration“一代人的冷峻良知”GenreDystopia(反乌托邦)Domanàclef(真人真事小说)Satire(讽刺文学)usethesepowerpointtemplatesFeaturesofhisworks1.Hisworksshowsharppowersofobservationanddeepsympathyforsufferingpeople.2.Hisworksgiveadeepsenseofconvictionandurgency.3.TheuseofEnglishisclear,simpleanddirect,withnoformalityofembellishment(润色).(addition/decoration)Hesaidhisidealwastowriteproselikeawindowpane---asclearasglassGeorgeOrwellprovidessixrulesforwriters1.Neveruseametaphor,simile,orotherfigureofspeechwhichyouareusedtoseeinginprint.2.Neverusealongwordwhereashortonewilldo.3.Ifitispossibletocutawordout,alwayscutitout.4.Neverusethepassivevoicewhereyoucanusetheactive.5.Neveruseaforeignphrase,ascientificword,orajargonwordifyoucanthinkofaneverydayEnglishequivalent.6.Breakanyoftheserulessoonerthansayanythingoutrightbarbarous.Hewasnotofanage,butforalltime!他不只属于一个时代，而是属于永远。——BenjaminJonson“多一个人看奥威尔，就多了一份自由的保障””LOGOThankYou!