主语从句 表语从句

•从句：•名词性从句：从句在主句中起名词作用的，叫名词性从句。•形容词性从句（定语从句）：从句修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句，在主句中起定语作用的，叫形容词性从句。•副词性从句（状语从句）：从句修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个主句，在主句中起状语作用的，叫副词性从句。名词性从句——主语从句、表语从句成佳名词性从句：从句在主句中起名词作用的，叫名词性从句。主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的从句。表语从句：在复合句中充当表语的从句。宾语从句：在复合句中作动词、介词或形容词宾语的从句。同位语从句：在复合句中用于对前面的名词作进一步说明解释的从句。定义及分类语序考点：名词性从句要用陈述语序。Thequestionishowwecanfinishit.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?引导名词性从句的关联词的用法注意点连词that没有意义，在从句中不担任任何成分，引导位于句首的主语从句时不可省,不位于句首时一般不可省（口语或非正式文体中可省）。引导宾语从句可省(介宾从不可省)，如果一个句子有两个或多个宾语从句，第一个that可省，后面的that不可省。引导表语从句一般不可省，引导同位语从句不可省。Iheard(that)hehasjoinedthefootballclub.Thatlighttravelsinastraightlineisknowntoall.连词whether和if有意义（是否），在从句中不可省略。Ididn’tknowwhether/ifhewouldattendtheconcert.连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever在从句中有各自的意义，在从句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。Whoevercomestotheclubiswelcome.ThisiswhatIaminterestedin.Letmeknowwhichtrainyouwillbearrivingon.连接副词when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however在从句中有各自的意义，在从句中作状语。WhatIamanxioustoknowiswhenwecanvisitthemuseum.Idon’tknowwherewearegoingtohavethemeeting.ThisiswhyIcamelate.其他：as,asif/though,becauseif区别whether：1.if不能引导位于句首的主语从句。Whethershecomesornotmakesnodifference.Itisnotcleartomeifshelikedthegift.2.if不能引导介词宾语从句。Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.3.if不能引导表语从句。MyproblemrightnowiswhetherIshouldaskforanotherloan.4.if不能引导同位语从句。Thequestionwhetherwe’llgotherebybusorbybikehasnotbeendiscussed.5.if不能加不定式。Idon’tknowwhethertoanswerit.6.if不能直接加ornot。Pleasetellmewhetherornotyouagree.Pleasetellmeifyouagreeornot.考点：that区别whatthat没有意义，在从句中不担任任何成分，what有意义，在从句中担任成分。Thehopethathemayrecoverisnotgoneyet.Whathesaidwastrue.主语从句连词that,whether,if连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever连接副词when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,howeverThatyouareleavingisapity.Whatmattersishowyoulive.Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.It作形式主语的常见句式It+be+名词（afact,anhonor,agoodthing,nowonder…）+that从句Itisapitythatwecan’tgo.Itiscommonknowledgethatthewhaleisnotafish.It+be+形容词(obvious,possible,probable,natural,good,wonderful,funny…)+that从句Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.Isittruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek?It+be+-ed+that从句ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madeearthsatelliteintospace.常见：Itiswellknownthat…Itisbelievedthat…Itisthoughtthat…Itisunderstoodthat…Itisannouncedthat…Itissuggestedthat……特殊：It+（seem,appear,happen）+that从句Itseemsthathewaslateforthetrain.IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.其他Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.没关系Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.无所谓Itsuddenlyoccurredtoherthatshehadforgottentolockthedoor.她突然想起…注意：主语为从句时，谓语一般用单数，如果表复数意义，谓语则用复数。Whatweneedistime.Whattheyneedinthatareaaredoctorsandnurses.表语从句连词that,whether连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever连接副词when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however其他关联词：as,asif/though,becauseThequestionremainswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.Thedoubtiswhohasgotawaywiththedocument.That’swhereIdon’tagree.Hisroomswereexactlyashehadleftthem.Helooksasifhewereyoung.区别：That’sbecausehedidn’tunderstandme.强调原因That’swhyhegotangrywithme.强调结果注意：主语是reason时，表语从句用that引导。Thereasonisthathedidn’tunderstandme.名词性从句中的虚拟语气：名词性从句中表示要求、建议、命令等含义的虚拟语气主句中的动词、名词、-ed如表示要求、建议、命令等含义，与其相关的名词性从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，should+动词原形，should可省。常见的含虚拟语气的词：动词：suggest（建议）,order（命令）,require（要求）,desire（要求）,demand(要求),propose（提议）,request（要求）,advise（建议）,insist（坚持）,command（命令),recommend（建议）名词：suggestion,order,requirement,desire,demand,proposal,request,advice,insistence,command-ed:suggested,ordered,required,desired,demanded,proposed，requested,advised,recommended主语从句：Itissuggestedthatthemeetingshouldbeputofftillnextweek.宾语从句：Hesuggestedthattheyshouldchallengetheotherclasses.表语从句：Mysuggestionisthatweshouldstartearlythenextmorning.同位语从句：Wetookhissuggestionthatourdaughtershouldbesenttoadancingschool.注意：suggest，insistsuggest表示“建议”时，用虚拟语气，表示“暗示、表明”时，不用虚拟语气。Hesuggestedthemeeting(should)beheldatonce.他建议立即开会。Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithme.他的沉默暗示他赞同我。insist表示“坚持，坚持要求”时，用虚拟语气，表示“坚持认为，坚持说”时，不用虚拟语气。Heinsiststhatheshoulddomorningexerciseseveryday.他坚持每天都做早操。Healwaysinsistedthatitshouldbewrittenoutinfull.他坚持要求把信全文都写出来。Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtoone’shealth.他坚持认为做早操对健康有益。其他常见的使用虚拟语气的主语从句(有时用虚拟)Itisimportant/natural/necessary/strange/funny/essential/apity/ashame+that等。Itisnecessarythatwe(should)keepthebalanceofnature.（虚拟语气：表示情感）It’sstrangethathedidn’tcomeyesterday.(陈述语气：叙述事实)wish后的宾语从句中表示现在不可能实现的愿望，用过去式IwishIknewhim.表示过去不可能实现的愿望，用had+过去分词IwishIhadnotcreatedthiscreature.表示将来不可能实现的愿望，常用would/could+动词原形IwishIcouldflytothemoononeday.asif/though引导的方式状语从句和表语从句注意：可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况，也可以用虚拟语气表示与事实不符或相反的情况。区别：Helooksasifheisyoung.（他就年轻）表示与现在情况相反：过去式Helooksasifhewereyoung.（实际他不年轻）表示与过去情况相反：had+过去分词ShespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifshehadstudiedEnglishinAmerica.表示与将来情况相反：常用would/could+动词原形HelearnsEnglishsohardasifhewouldgototheUS.