搜索
万圣节Halloween•Halloween(alsospelledHallowe'en)isanannualholidaycelebratedonOctober31.IthasrootsintheCelticfestivalofSamhainandtheChristianholydayofAllSaints.Itislargelyasecularcelebrationbutsomehaveexpressedstrongfeelingsaboutperceivedreligiousovertones.•Thedayisoftenassociatedwiththecolorsblackandorange,andisstronglyassociatedwithsymbolslikethejack-o'-lantern.Halloweenactivitiesincludetrick-or-treating,wearingcostumesandattendingcostumeparties,ghosttours,bonfires,visitinghauntedattractions,pranks,tellingscarystories,andwatchinghorrorfilms.History•HalloweenhasoriginsintheancientfestivalknownasSamhain(pronouncedsow-inorsau-an),whichisderivedfromOldIrishandmeansroughlysummer'send.ThiswasaGaelicfestivalcelebratedmainlyinIrelandandScotland.However,similarfestivalswereheldbyotherCelts–forexamplethefestivalofCalanGaeaf(pronouncedkalan-geyf)whichwasheldbytheancientBritons.•ThefestivalofSamhaincelebratestheendofthelighterhalfoftheyearandbeginningofthedarkerhalf,andissometimesregardedastheCelticNewYear.•hecelebrationhassomeelementsofafestivalofthedead.TheancientCeltsbelievedthattheborderbetweenthisworldandtheOtherworldbecamethinonSamhain,allowingspirits(bothharmlessandharmful)topassthrTough.Thefamily'sancestorswerehonouredandinvitedhomewhilstharmfulspiritswerewardedoff.Itisbelievedthattheneedtowardoffharmfulspiritsledtothewearingofcostumesandmasks.Theirpurposewastodisguiseoneselfasaharmfulspiritandthusavoidharm.InScotlandthespiritswereimpersonatedbyyoungmendressedinwhitewithmasked,veiledorblackenedfaces.Samhainwasalsoatimetotakestockoffoodsuppliesandslaughterlivestockforwinterstores.Bonfiresplayedalargepartinthefestivities.Allotherfiresweredousedandeachhomelittheirhearthfromthebonfire.Thebonesofslaughteredlivestockwerecastintoitsflames.Sometimestwobonfireswouldbebuiltside-by-side,andpeopleandtheirlivestockwouldwalkbetweenthemasacleansingritual.•Anothercommonpractisewasdivination,whichofteninvolvedtheuseoffoodanddrink.•ThenameHalloweenandmanypresent-daytraditions,derivefromtheOldEnglishera.Trick-or-treatingandguising•Trick-or-treatingisacustomarycelebrationforchildrenonHalloween.Childrengoincostumefromhousetohouse,askingfortreatssuchascandyorsometimesmoney,withthequestion,Trickortreat?Thewordtrickreferstoa(mostlyidle)threattoperformmischiefonthehomeownersortheirpropertyifnotreatisgiven.InsomepartsofIrelandandScotlandchildrenstillgoguising.Inthiscustomthechildperformssomesortofshow,i.e.singsasongortellsaghoststory,inordertoearntheirtreats.•ThereareseveralgamestraditionallyassociatedwithHalloweenparties.Onecommongameisdunkingorapplebobbing,inwhichapplesfloatinatuboralargebasinofwaterandtheparticipantsmustusetheirteethtoremoveanapplefromthebasin.Avariantofdunkinginvolveskneelingonachair,holdingaforkbetweentheteethandtryingtodroptheforkintoanapple[28].Anothercommongameinvolveshanginguptreacleorsyrup-coatedsconesbystrings;thesemustbeeatenwithoutusinghandswhiletheyremainattachedtothestring,anactivitythatinevitablyleadstoaverystickyface.•SomegamestraditionallyplayedatHalloweenareformsofdivination.AtraditionalIrishandScottishformofdiviningone'sfuturespouseistocarveanappleinonelongstrip,thentossthepeeloverone'sshoulder.Thepeelisbelievedtolandintheshapeofthefirstletterofthefuturespouse'sname.UnmarriedwomenweretoldthatiftheysatinadarkenedroomandgazedintoamirroronHalloweennight,thefaceoftheirfuturehusbandwouldappearinthemirror.However,iftheyweredestinedtodiebeforemarriage,askullwouldappear.Thecustomwaswidespreadenoughtobecommemoratedongreetingcardsfromthelate19thandearly20thcenturies.•ThetellingofghoststoriesandviewingofhorrorfilmsarecommonfixturesofHalloweenparties.EpisodesofTVseriesandspecialswithHalloweenthemes(withthespecialsusuallyaimedatchildren)arecommonlyairedonorbeforetheholiday,whilenewhorrorfilms,areoftenreleasedtheatricallybeforetheholidaytotakeadvantageoftheatmosphere.Nowwithmeinthestudio•Rob:大家好,I’mRobCarter.•WangFei:Rob,whyaretheresomanypumpkinsinstoresandsupermarketsatthemoment?•Rob:Well,pumpkinsareasymbolofafestivalcalledHalloweenandit'sonthe31stOctobereveryyear.•WangFei:Halloween,万圣节。每年的10月31日是西方的万圣节。Sowhatarethesepumpkinsforthen?•Rob:Well,that'sagoodquestion.ActuallyI'vealreadyboughtonepumpkin,notformyself,butformychildren.MydaughterisfouryearsoldnowandI'mgoingtocarveaJack-O-Lanternforher,that'slikeaspookyfaceandI'llputacandleinsidetolightitup.•Usually,Idon'tlikeputtingonmake-upbutIlikedressingupscarily.•Interviewee•WangFei:Jack-O-Lantern,万圣节南瓜灯，Rob将为自己的女儿在万圣节雕刻一个南瓜灯。So,whatelsedopeopledoforHalloween?Let'shearmore.•Interviewee:Yeah,trick-or-treating,andwithsomefriends.Usually,Idon'tlikeputtingonmake-upbutIlikedressingupscarily.•Interviewee:Trick-or-treating,yeah.Wegointhestreets,roundwhereIlive,knockondoorsandgetloadsofsweetsandmoney.•WangFei:Trickortreating意思是：你要款待我呢，还是想让我给你捣鬼呢？•Rob:TrickortreatingissomethingspecialthatpeopledoatHalloween.Nowthesecondintervieweesaidshewalksaroundthestreetswhereshelivesandknocksondoorssaying''trickortreating''andshegetsloadsofsweetsandmoney.•WangFei:她要在她住的附近挨家敲门，然后说trickortreat