太原科技大学毕业设计(论文)-1-毕业设计(论文)题目基于PLC和变频器的矿井提升机电控系统姓名张超学号180409110专业班级电气自动化091班院系名称太原科技大学成人教育学院指导老师宋老师2011年11月10日太原科技大学毕业设计(论文)-2-摘要矿井提升机被称为矿山的咽喉,是生产的关键设备,是地下矿井与外界的唯一通道,肩负着运输矿石、物料、人员等的重要责任。对提升机来说,运行的安全性与可靠性是至关重要的。传统的矿井提升机控制系统主要采用继电器-接触器进行控制,这类提升机通常在电动机转子回路中串接附加电阻进行启动和调速。这种控制系统存在可靠性差、操作复杂、故障率高、电能浪费大、效率低等缺点。因此对矿井提升机控制系统进行研究具有现实意义,也是国内外相关行业专家学者的一个研究课题。随着计算机和PLC技术的不断发展,采用先进的控制技术改造传统矿山行业的传统控制系统,从而使矿井提升机的控制性能得到极大的改善,其自动化水平、安全性、可靠性都达到了新的高度,并采用现代化的管理和监视手段保障提升机的安全运行,保证矿井提升机可靠、准确地运行,实现矿井提升机的计算机控制。变频调速是近年来发展起来的一门新兴的自动控制技术,它利用改变被控对象的电源频率,成功实现了交流电动机大范围的无级平滑调速,在运行过程中能随时根据电动机的负载情况,使电机始终处于最佳运行状态,在整个调速范围内均有很高的效率,节能效果明显。采用变频器对异步电动机进行调速控制,由于使用方便、可靠性高并且经济效益显著,所以得到广泛应用。因此,应用变频器对矿井提升机的控制系统进行改造,将成为历史的必然趋势。关键词:矿井提升机,PLC,变频调速,控制系统太原科技大学毕业设计(论文)-3-ABSTRACTThemineelevatorisentitledasthethroatofmine,anditisthemostvitalequipmentinmine.Themineelevatoristheonlychanneltotheundergroundmines,anditisshoulderingthetransportationofmineral,materialsandpeople.Thesafetyandsecurityisthemostvitaltoelevator.Thetraditionalshafthoistcontrolsystemisalwayscontrolledbytherelay-contactor,andadoptsthemethodsofconnectseriesadditionalresistantinrotor’swindinglooptostartandadjustspeed.Thesystemhasmanydisadvantagessuchasbadreliability,complicatedoperation,highfaultrate,largeenergy-wastingandlowefficiency.So,carryingontheresearchontheshafthoistcontrolsystemhasrealisticmeanings,anditisasubjectforresearchbyrelevantexpertsandscholars,bothathomeandabroadtoo.Alongwiththedevelopmentandapplicationofcomputerandprogrammablelogicalcontroller,thecontrollerofmineelevatorcomeforthnewvisage,thelevelofautomatizationandsafetyandsecurityarrivedatthenewaltitude,andprovidedanewandmodernmanageandmonitormeans.AdvancedindustrycontrolcomputerareusedtomonitorandmanagethecourseofelevatorFrequencyconversionisdevelopedasanewautomaticcontroltechnologyinrecentyears,whichisusedtochangethepowerfrequencyofthecontrolledobjects,itsuccessfullyachievethespeedsteplessadjustingoftheAcmotorinalargescope,anditcanmakethemotorbealwaysinthebeststateaccordingtotheloadconditionsatanytime.Ithasveryhighefficiencyandtheenergy-savingeffectisobviousinthewholerangeofspeed.Adoptinginverterspeedtocontroltheasynchronousmotorsiswidelyusedbecauseofitisconvenient,highreliabilityandtheeconomicbenefitisremarkable.Therefore,adoptinginvertertoreformthecontrolsystemofshafthoistwillbecometheinevitabletrendofhistory.KEYWORDS:shafthoist,PLC,frequencyconversion,controlsystem太原科技大学毕业设计(论文)I目录第1章绪论....................................................................................................................................................11.1国内外矿井提升机研究现状与发展趋势.......................................................................................11.1.1国外矿井提升机的现状..........................................................................................................11.1.2国内提升机的现状与发展趋向...............................................................................................11.2本文研究意义及内容......................................................................................................................21.2.1研究意义..................................................................................................................................21.2.2研究内容..................................................................................................................................2第2章系统工艺流程及控制要求..................................................................................................................32.1矿井提升机系统简介......................................................................................................................32.2提升机电动机运行方式..................................................................................................................42.3提升机的速度要求及受力情况......................................................................................................42.3.1提升机的速度要求..................................................................................................................42.3.2提升机的受力情况..................................................................................................................52.4矿井提升机的电气传动方案..........................................................................................................8第3章系统控制方案设计..............................................................................................................................93.1控制单元基本原理..........................................................................................................................93.2控制系统总体设计........................................................................................................................113.3可编程控制器(PLC)介绍.........................................................................................................113.3.1PLC的基本特点.....................................................................................................................123.3.2PLC的基本结构.....................................................................................................................133.3.