美国黑人民权运动ppt

HowcanwecallthoseblackpeopleAfricanAmericanNegroSpanishwordblack”Negro/NiggerDarkieBlackAfricanAmerican黑人牙膏DarkieIn1985,anAmericancompanyboughtthistoothpastecompanyandchangeditsname.DarliedisrespectfulAfrican-AmericanCivilRightsMovementOutline1.Briefintroduction2.Backgroundinformation3.Majorevents4.InfluenceWhatiscivilrightsmovement•ThecivilrightsmovementwasamasspopularmovementtosecureforAfricanAmericansequalaccesstoandopportunitiesforthebasicprivilegesandrightsofU.S.citizenship.•Thecivilrightsmovementwasthelargestsocialmovementofthe20thcenturyintheUnitedStates.Itinfluencedthemodernwomen'srightsmovementandthestudentmovementofthe1960s.•Althoughtherootsofthemovementgobacktothe19thcentury,itpeakedinthe1950sand1960s.AfricanAmericanmenandwomen,alongwithwhites,organizedandledthemovementatnationalandlocallevels.Theypursuedtheirgoalsthroughlegalmeans,negotiations,petitions,andnonviolentprotestdemonstrations.2.Historicalbackground•Earlyinitshistory,blackAfricanswerebroughttoAmericaasslaves.Theywereboughtandsold,likeanimals.•Nearly100yearsaftertheEmancipationProclamation,AfricanAmericansinSouthernstatesstillinhabitedastarklyunequalworldofdisenfranchisement,segregationandvariousformsofoppression,includingrace-inspiredviolence.JimCrowlaws(美国针对黑人实施的种族隔离法案)atthelocalandstatelevelsbarredthemfromclassroomsandbathrooms,fromtheatersandtraincars,fromjuriesandlegislatures.Education•Forevery$150.000spentonwhitechildrenatthewhiteschoolsonly$50.000wasspentonAfricanAmericanchildrenattheblackschools.•TheparentsoftheAfricanAmericanchildrenthoughtthattheirschoolwasnottreatedasfairlybecausetheywerecolored.Theydidnothavethemostcurrenttextbooks,notenoughschoolsupplies,andovercrowdedclassrooms.BlackelementaryschoolWhiteelementaryschool3.Majorevents•BrownDecision--SeparationIsInherentlyIllegalThe1954U.S.SupremeCourtdecisionBrownv.BoardofEducationofTopeka,Kansasusheredinanewerainthestruggleforcivilrights.Thislandmarkdecisionoutlawedracialsegregationinpublicschools.1954•OnDecember1,1955•RosaParksrefusedtogiveupherseatforawhitepassenger.•arrested•demandamorehumanebustransportationsystem•lastedformorethanayear1955Sit-insInFebruary1960,fourAfricanAmericanstudentssatdownatasegregatedlunchcounterinalocalstoreinGreensboro,NorthCarolina.Theyrefusedtoleaveuntiltheywereserved.19601961•Inthespringof1961,civilrightsactivistsvolunteeredas“FreedomRiders”toridebusesintosegregatedterminalsthroughouttheSouth.InMaybusloadsofFreedomRiderswereattackedbymobsintheAlabamacitiesofAnnistonandBirmingham.1963•TheMarchonWashingtonwasorganizedbyagroupofcivilrights,labor,andreligiousorganizationsunderthethemejobs,andfreedom.Estimatesofthenumberofparticipantsvariedfrom200,000(police)toover300,000(leadersofthemarch).About80%ofthemarcherswereAfricanAmericansandtherestwerewhiteandotherethnicgroups.•ThemarchbeganattheWashingtonMonumentandendedattheLincolnMemorialwithaprogramofmusicandspeakers.1964•Dr.MartinLutherKingJr.deliveredIHaveaDreamspeechtohundredsofthousandsattheMarchonWashington.•…Ihaveadreamthatmyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.Ihaveadreamtoday…•Meaningfulcivilrightslaws•Amassivefederalworksprogram•Fullandfairemployment•Decenthousing•Therighttovote•AdequateintegratededucationDr.MartinLutherKing,JreventuallybecametheleaderoftheCivilRightsMovement.1964•CongresspassedCivilRightsActdeclaringdiscriminationbasedonraceillegalafter75-daylongargument.1965•ThepassageoftheVotingRightsActof1965helpedpavethewayformoreAfricanAmericanstovote.•TheVotingRightsActof1965alsohelpedotherminorities.ItsetasideaNewYorkstatelawrequiringvoterstobeabletoreadEnglish,enablingsuchgroupsasPuertoRicansandMexicanAmericanstovote.•EdwardBrooke,electedfirstblackU.S.senatorin85years.19661968•OnApril4,1968Dr.MartinLutherKing,Jr.,wasassassinatedbyasniperashestoodonthebalconyofhishotelroominMemphis,TN.HewastheretosupporttheAfricanAmericansanitationworkers.Hewasplanninganationalpoorpeople’scampaigntopromoteeconomicgainsforAfricanAmericansandpoorpeople.LaterDevelopment•1973--MaynardJackson,firstblackelectedmayorofamajorSouthernU.S.city.•1975--VotingRightsActextended.•1988--CongresspassesCivilRightsRestorationActoverPresidentReagan'sveto.•1989--L.DouglasWilder(Virginia)becomesfirstblackelectedgovernor.•1991--CivilrightsmuseumopensatKingassassinationsiteinMemphis.•2009--BarackObamatooktheofficeofwhitehousein2009Influence•ReconstructionoftheImageandConfidenceofAfricanAmericans•ImpactontheOtherDisadvantagedGroups•StrongFaithinEquity•MoreStableAmericanSociety•TheCivilRightsMovementitselfwastheprocessoftheAfricanAmericans'findingtheirownvalues,increasingself-awareness,improvingthesocialstatus.ItpointedouttoAfricanAmericansthattheyshouldbeequalwithanyoneelsebothonspiritandmental,andtheyshouldhavetherightsofbeingequalinspirit.•“Whatisyourblood?”“IamaAfricanAmerican.”“IamproudofbeinganAfricanAmerican.”4.14.2•Women,Hispanics,andNativeAmericans---foundnewhopeintheAfricanAmerican’sstruggleandformedmovementsoftheirown.•Becauseofciv