专题一名词性从句网络课堂——2014年春学期暑假学习辅导主讲人:顾梅燕英语句子两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种:1)陈述句(肯定、否定):Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3)祈使句:Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass.4)感叹句:Howclevertheboyis!2、按句子的结构可分三种:1)简单句:由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成,如:HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2)并列句:由并列连词(and,but,or,for等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成,如:Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.3)复合句:由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。在复合句中,主句是全句的主体,通常可以独立成句,从句只充当主句中的一个成分,不能独立存在,从句通常由关联词引导。根据从句在句中不同的作用,从句可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。如:Thathepassedtheexammadehimveryhappy.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.DefinitionCategoriesIntroducers一、定义和分类名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的分句,在复合句中常常充当主语、宾语、表语以及同位语。Whathesaidsurprisesme.(主语从句)I’msurprisedatwhathesaid.(宾语从句)Thatiswhathesaid.(表语从句)HetoldusthenewsthathewasleavingforAmerica.(同位语从句)1、从属连词:that,whether,if2、连接代词:who/whoever,whom/whomever,which/whichever,what/whatever,whose3、连接副词:when,where,how,why二、连接词(不充当成分)(主语、宾语、表语、定语)(状语)第一讲基础点拨主语从句表语从句一、主语从句在复合句中充当主语的从句,常常放在主句谓语动词之前。---Itremainstobeseenwhetheritwilldousgoodorharm.Thathewillcometothediscussioniscertain.Whereweshalldothetestisstillunderdiscussion.Whoeverbreaksthelawdeservesafine.Whetheritwilldousgoodorharmremainstobeseen.二、it作形式主语,代替主语从句的主要句型1.It+be+形容词+主从2.It+be+名词(词组)+主从3.It+be+过去分词+主从4.Ithappens/seems/appears/occurs/turnsout…+主从5.Itdoesn’tmatter/makesnodifference/remainstobeseen,…+主从1.Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherhewillattendthemeeting.2.Itisimportantthatwe(should)preventtheriverfrombeingpolluted.3.Itseemedthathewouldnotactinthisfilm.4.Itisapitythatyoucan’tattendmyparty.5.Itissaidthathisnewbookhasbeenpublished.6.Itmademepuzzledwhyhetreatedmesodifferentlythesedays.1.Itisbynomeansclear________thepresidentcandotoendthestrike.A.howB.whichC.thatD.what【解析】选D。考查名词性从句。根据句子结构可以判断此处it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的从句。从句中do后面缺少宾语,A项how作状语,B项which指“哪一个”,不符句意,D项that不作成分。句意:总统会采取什么措施来结束这次罢工还不清楚。小试牛刀2.Itdoesn’tmatter_______youpaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.A.howB.whetherC.whatD.why【解析】选B。考查名词性从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知it是形式主语,真正的主语是“______youpaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore”。whether...or...意为“不管……还是……”,符合句意;how:如何,多么;what:什么;why:为什么,此三项均不符合句意。句意:在这家店里用现金还是信用卡支付都没关系。3.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohim______hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.A.whetherB.whereC.whichD.that【解析】选D。考查名词性从句。Itoccurredtosb.that...意为“某人突然想到某事”,其中it是形式主语,后面的that从句是真正的主语。句意:他突然想到他把钥匙忘在办公室里了。4.Beforeaproblemcanbesolved,itmustbeobvious______theproblemitselfis.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why【解析】选A。考查主语从句。句中的it是形式主语,代替what引导的主语从句,what在主语从句中充当表语。句意:在解决问题之前必须弄清楚问题本身是什么。5.Itisstillunderdiscussion________theoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.A.whetherB.whenC.whichD.where【解析】选A。考查主语从句。此句中,it为形式主语,whether引导的主语从句为真正的主语。A项意为“是否”,并且能与ornot连用;B项意为“……的时间”;C项意“哪一个,哪些”;D项意为“……的地点”。句意:旧汽车站是否应该被重建为现代化的宾馆仍然在商讨中。6.Itremainstobeseen________thenewlyformedcommittee'spolicycanbeputintopractice.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether【解析】选D。考查名词性从句。题干中it作形式主语,whether引导的从句作真正的主语,whether在从句中不作成分,意思是“是否”。句意:新成立的委员会的政策是否能被付诸实施还有待观察。牢记句式:Itremainstobeseenwhether….:…将拭目以待。返回目录7.Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.whether【解析】选B。考查名词性从句。题干中it作形式主语,that引导的从句作真正的主语,that在从句中不作成分,也没有实际意义。句意:我的头发渐渐变白,这让她很担心。8.______isstillunknownwhenthepresidentwillmakeapublicspeech.A.ItB.ThatC.HeD.What【解析】选A。考查名词性从句。题干中whenthepresidentwillmakeapublicspeech为真正的主语从句,所选的it为形式主语。若选D项,正确句子应该是:Whatisstillunknowniswhenthepresidentwillmakeapublicspeech.句意:总统何时发表公共演说还不清楚,9.Itisobvioustothestudentstheyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.A.asB.whichC.whetherD.that【解析】选D。考查名词性从句。题干中it作形式主语,that引导的从句作真正的主语,that在从句中不作成分,也没有实际意义。句意:显然学生们要为未来做好充分的准备。10.________wasagreatpleasurethat,throughfiveyearsofmedicalcareandtreatment,herecoveredfromtheterribledisease.A.ThatB.ItC.WhatD.Which【解析】选B。考查名词性从句。本题中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是that,throughfiveyearsofmedicalcareandtreatment,herecoveredfromtheterribledisease。句意:通过五年的医学治疗,他从可怕的病魔中恢复了过来,这让人很开心。一、表语从句在复合句中充当表语的从句,常常放在主句连系动词之后。1.Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasillinhospital.2.Thatiswhywehavechosenanti-smokingasthesubjectofouradcampaign.3.Thisisbecausetheyouthareeasytofallforthiskindoftricks.4.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.5.Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplacehim.6.Thequestionishowhedidit.1.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?That’s______wedidthismorning.A.thatB.whatC.whenD.where小试牛刀【解析】选B。考查表语从句。所选答案what引导的表语从句,充当主句连系动词is的表语成分。句意:看见那个楼顶上升起的旗帜了吗?那就是今天早上我们所做的事。2.Whynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?That’s_______thebestjobsare.A.whenB.thatC.whatD.where【解析】选D。考查表语从句。所选答案where引导的表语从句,充当主句连系动词is的表语成分。句意:为什么不到城里去碰碰运气?那里才是好工作的所在之地。3.---Heiseagertotrysomethinghehasnevertriedbefore.---Oh,Isee.That’s_______hediffersfromothers.A.whenB.whereC.howD.that【解析】选B。考查表语从句。所选答案where引导的表语从句,充当主句连系动词is的表语成分,意为“…所在”。句意:--他总是喜欢尝试新的东西。---嗯,那就是他与别人不同的地方。4._____wewereworriedaboutwas_____theycouldmanagetocontrolthepollution.A.That;howB.What;whetherC.That;whetherD.What;that【解析】选B。考查名词性从句。所选答案wha