严复及翻译理论英文

YanFuIdeologist,scholartranslator,educatorGroupmembers刘清松李锐张敏张雅兰杨江堰张婷婷Class1201LifeexperienceYanFu'sTranslationTheoryTranslatedworksLifeexperienceKeynoteSpeaker刘清松LifeexperienceBornonJanuary8,1854inFuzhou,Fujianprovince.In1867,YanFuenteredtheFujianArsenalAcademy(福州船政学堂)wherehestudiedavarietyofsubjectsincludingEnglish,arithmetic,geometry,trigonometry,physics,chemistry,astrologyandnavigation.In1871-76,heservedaboardthetrainingshipJianwei(建威)andlateronthebattlecruiserYangwu(阳武).LifeexperienceIn1895,hewasinvolvedintheGongcheShangshumovement.In1897,YanFuservedasaneditorofthenewspaperGuowenBao.In1912,hebecamethefirstprincipalofNationalPekingUniversity.Later,HebecamearoyalistandconservativewhosupportedYuanShikai(袁世凯)andZhangXun(张勋)toproclaimthemselvesemperor.OnOctober27,1921YanFudiedattheageof69.LifeexperienceIn1877–79,hestudiedattheRoyalNavalCollege,Greenwich,England.In1879-90,heobtainedateachingpositionattheFujianArsenalAcademyandthenBeiyangNavalOfficers'School.In1895,hebecamefamousforhistranslations,includingThomasHuxley'sEvolutionandEthics,AdamSmith’sTheWealthofNations,andHerbertSpencer'sStudyofSociology.YanFu'sTranslationTheoryKeynoteSpeaker张雅兰There-CharacterCriteriasFaithfulness:TobeloyaltotheoriginaltextExpressiveness:Thetargettextshouldbereadsmoothly.Elegance:ThetargettextshouldbesimilartothesourcetextinstyleControversy(cameintobeing)Evaluation,goal(foraboutahundredyears)Advocatedthecreativityorsubjectivity(主体性)intheprocessoftranslation.Translation'sSubjectivityandYanFu'sTranslationCriteriaSubjectivity（主体性）:havetherightshisorherimaginationexploitamajorityoftranslationwayshavethefreedomtoreviseButthetranslatorwoulddisplayhisorhersubjectivityonthebasisoffaithfulnessandexpressivenessinthepursuitofelegance.UnderstangingYanFu'sTranslationCriteriafromTranslator'sSubjectivityinLiteraryWorksExample1:海水不可饮用，因为它含有太多盐分Versionone:Seawatercannotbedrunk,beacuseithastoomuchsaltinit.Versiontwo:Seawaterisnotdrinkable,becauseitcontainstoomuchsaltinit(ChengZhaowei,2007:112)SeeingYanFu'sTranslationCriteriafromTranslator'sSubjectivityinLiteraryWorksExample2:掌握针刺疗法不容易，它需要艰苦的努力Versionone:Tomasteracupuncture,onemustmakestrenuouseffortsbecauseitisnoteasytolearnwell.Versiontwo:Thismasteryofacupunctureisnoteasyandrequirespainstakingeffort.(ChengZhaowei,2007:115)SeeingYanFu'sTranslationCriteriafromTranslator'sSubjectivityinLiteraryWorksExample3:敌军随时可能出没，十天太晚。LuoMushi'sversion:CaoJian'sarmyisdueatanymoment.saidKongming.Ifwemustwaittendays,itwillspoileverything.YangXianyiandDaiNaidie'sversion:Theenemymaybehereanytime.Tendayswouldbetoolate.(FengQinghua,2005:133)InterrelationbetweenFaithfulness,ExpressivenessandEleganceApparently:indeependly,differentInfact:notseperatedstandardsYanFu:convertthecontentofthesourcetext(includingtheinformation,spiritandthestyle)intothetargetlanguageinanadequateway.Reachacomparativelylargeaudience.TranslatedworkskeynoteSpeaker杨江堰BookListEvolutionandEthics天演论(OnEvolution)1896-1898TheWealthofNations原富(OnWealth)1901TheStudyofSociology群学肄言(AStudyofsociology)1903OnLiberty群己权界论(Ontheboundarybetweentheselfandthegroup)1903ASystemofLogic穆勒名学(Mill’sLogic)1903AHistoryofPolitics社会通诠(Afullaccountofsociety)1903TheSpiritoftheLaws论法的精神(Themeaningofthelaws)1904-1909PrimerofLogic名学浅說(Anoutlineoflogic)1909《天演论》EvolutionandEthicsThomasHenryHuxley(赫胥黎1825—1895)wasanEnglishbiologistandnaturalist﹙博物学家﹚,knownasDarwin'sBulldogforhisadvocacyofCharlesDarwin'stheoryofevolution.HeopensEvolutionandEthicswiththestoryofJackandtheBeanStalkasametaphorforcyclicalevolution—thesmallseedthatbecomesamatureplant.Huxleythentakesthereaderonajourneythroughtwoculturallydifferentbeliefsystems-BuddhismandGreekintellectualthoughts—toillustratehumanattemptstounderstandthe'cosmicprocess'.天演论YangreatlymodifiedHuxley’soriginalessaystoadvocatesocialDarwinisminChina.Hebelievesthattheprincipleofevolutionappliestoboththenaturalandhumanworld.ToYan,human,justasotherorganisms,issubjecttothelawofnaturalselection.Soforanationalitytosurvive,itmustpositivelyadapttothesurroundingenvironmentandtokeepprogressing.ReasonsPersonalbackgroundHistorybackgroundInflunceTianyanlunwasofgreatinfluenceatthattime.Itmadetheidea“naturalselection”and“survivalofthefittest”popularandwidelyacceptedamongintellectuals.ApieceItmaybesafelyassumedthat,twothousandyearsago,beforeCaesarsetfootinsouthernBritain,thewholecountry-sidevisiblefromthewindowsoftheroominwhichIwrite,wasinwhatiscalledthestateofnature.赫胥黎独处一室之中，在英伦之南，背山而面野，槛外诸境，历历如在几下。乃悬想二千年前，当罗马大将恺彻未到时，此间有何景物。计惟有天造草昧，人功未施。《群己权界论》《原富》《群学肄言》《法意》\《论法的精神》《社会通诠》名学浅说Summary严复八大名译，有一个明显特点，无一本是完整翻译。《天演论》为严译八部之首，以之为例，窥斑知豹，可察严复名译的非全译情况。据大致统计，本文至少有五分之三（即2万字）来自原作之外，那么来自原作之外的总字数近4万字，约占全书的73%，即真正来自原作的内容仅占27%左右