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高考语法系列专项训练之定语从句（一）Youvisitedafactorytheotherday?Isthisthefactory?Isthisthefactory____________________________?Isthisthefactorythat/whichyouvisitedtheotherday?Youvisitedafactorytheotherdaythat/whichIsthisthefactorythatyouvisitedtheotherday?定义：修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。具有形容词性质。StudentswhoareinterestedinChineseLiteraturemayattendthelecture.Hegaveuptheplan,whichwasaverygoodone.先行词引导词定语从句1.Thegirl________anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom’ssister.A.whoissingingB.issingingC.sangD.wassinging2.Anyone________thisopinionmayspeakout.A.thatagainstB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst3.Didn’tyouseetheman________?A.InoddedjustnowB.whomInoddedjustnowC.InoddedtohimjustnowD.Inoddedtojustnow4.Canyoulendmethenovel______theotherday?A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout5.Thetrain_______shewastravellingwaslate.A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat6.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer_______thepapersarekept.A.whereB.inwhichC.underwhichD.which7.I,_______yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A.whoisB.whoamC.thatisD.whatis8.TheboywhosespokenEnglishisexcellentdrawsourattention.9.Thattree,__________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.10.Thehouse________sheliveswasoncethevillagepostoffice.Thehouseinwhichsheliveswasoncethevillagepostoffice.Thehousewheresheliveswasoncethevillagepostoffice11.Thedays_______youcouldtravelwithoutapassportaregone.Thedaysin/duringwhichyoucouldtravelwithoutapassportaregone.Thedayswhenyoucouldtravelwithoutapassportaregone.12.Thephotoremindedmeofthedays_______wespentinthesummercamp.Thephotoremindedmeofthedayswhich/thatwespentinthesummercamp.13.Iknowthereason_________heresigned.Iknowthereasonforwhichheresigned.Iknowthereasonwhyheresigned.14.Thedays_______youcouldtravelwithoutapassportaregone.Thedaysin/duringwhichyoucouldtravelwithoutapassportaregone.Thedayswhenyoucouldtravelwithoutapassportaregone.15.Thephotoremindedmeofthedays_______wespentinthesummercamp.Thephotoremindedmeofthedayswhich/thatwespentinthesummercamp.1.Ican’tforgettheday____Ijoinedthearmy.____Ispentinthevillage.2.Thisisthehouse_____heoncelived._____heboughtlastweek.whenwhichwherewhich类别意义功能形式关系代词限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句起限定作用。若省略，原句意义不完整。起补充说明作用。若省略，原句意义不受影响。修饰先行词修饰先行词/整个句子无逗号隔开有逗号与主句隔开有that无that2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别作宾语时可以省略作宾语不可以省略当关系代词指代整个主句内容时。1.Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.只用非限制性定语从句的情况：当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物时。2.Themoon,whichis384,400kilometersawayfromtheearth,goesaroundtheearth.只用非限制性定语从句的情况：先行词是人名、地名、国名、建筑物等专有名词时。3.YesterdayheleftAmerica,wherehehadstayedfortwoyears.只用非限制性定语从句的情况：1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_____yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_____interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thisistheveryperson_____I’mwaitingfor.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat6.Isoxygentheonlygas_____helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it7.Whichwasthehotel_____wasrecommendedtoyou?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.it1.先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词(但先行词为anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everyone,everybody等不定代词时常用who引导定语从句做主语)2.先行词被all,little,few,much,every,no,theonly,thevery等修饰时。3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时，或先行词前有序数词thefirst,thelast,形容词最高级thebest,theworst等时。4.先行词为人和物的组合时。5.若主句中有疑问代词who或者which，为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用who,which，而用that。只用that的情况:3.that与which的区别1.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,______surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it只用which的情况:1,逗号后面2,介词后面2.Theday______hewasbornwasAug.20,1952.A.onwhichB.thatC.whichD.this4.介词+关系代词提醒:介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择.方法:根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which或whom;不可用that或who代替♣ThemanisfromBeijingUniversity.♣Italkedabouthimatthemeeting.♣Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity..Jointhemintoonesentence.=ThemanaboutwhomItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置Isthisthebook(which/that)youarelookingfor?填空1.Theman__________youshookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.2.Theroom__________myfamilyliveusedtobeagarage.3.Didyoufindthepen_________Iwrotejustnow?4.Didyoufindthecomposition______Iwrotejustnow?withwhominwhichwithwhichwhich5.Whose用法及转换形式1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。That’sthechildwhosefatherisateacher.Doyouknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor?Thisisabookwhosecoverisgreen.2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。whose的先行词指物时,可用ofwhich代替,但词序不同，即whose+名词=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n.Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.=Helivesintheroom,thewindowofwhichfacessouth.=Helivesintheroom,ofwhichthewindowfacessouth.六、as,which引导的定语从句1．as引导的定语从句用在thesame...as，such...as，as...as，so...as结构中，as可以作主语、宾语或表语，可以用来代替先行词。TheycouldonlyreadsuchstoriesashadbeenrewritteninsimpleEnglish.(as作主语)Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected.(as作宾语)Heisnotthesamemanashewas.(as作表语)易错提示：(1)such...as...(定语从句)像……那样such...that......(状语从句)如此……以至于……ThisissuchaneasyquestionasIcananswer.(定语从句)ThisissuchaneasyquestionthatIcananswerit.(状语从句)(2)thesame...as...表示相似