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虚拟语气•主讲：王松昌虚拟语气•表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。eg.IfIwereyou,IshouldstudyEnglish.Iwishyoucouldgowithme.Mayyousucceed!1用于条件从句2用于主语从句3用于宾语从句4用于状语从句5用于定语从句6用于简单句wish,suggest,orderItis/was+形容词＋that…If…asif,asthough动词形式时间从句主句与现在事实相反动词过去式（be的过去式一般用were）wouldshould+动词原形couldmight与过去事实相反had+过去分词wouldshouldhave+过去分词couldmight与将来事实可能相反动词过去式/should+动词原形wereto＋动词原形wouldshould+动词原形couldmight基本用法•Ifplaces____alike,therewouldbelittleneedforgeographers.•A.beingB.areC.beD.were•Ifwe_________(know)thatthebookswereavailable,wewouldhaveboughtthemyesterday.hadknown有时可以把含有助动词，情态动词，be或have的虚拟条件句省去，而将had,should,were等词提到主语之前，即倒装。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgowithhim.=WereIyou,Iwouldgowithhim.IfIhadknownthenews,Iwouldhavetoldyouaboutthat.=HadIknownthenews,Iwouldhavetoldyouaboutthat.倒装用法•Hadheworkedharder,he______thefinalexaminations.•A.musthavegotthrough•B.wouldhavegotthrough•C.wouldgetthrough•D.couldgetthrough•_____tomorrowmorning,shewouldreachBeijingbythisSunday.•A.WouldsheleaveB.ifshewillleave•C.HadsheleftD.Wereshetoleave主从句的动作发生时间不一致的情况。有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。eg.Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,youwouldbeallrightnow.IfyouhadpracticedspeakingEnglishmore,youwouldbeabletospeakitfluently.(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在）•Icouldhavecalledyouyesterday,butI______youtelephonenumber.•A.didn’thaveB.won’thave•C.hadn’thaveD.wouldn’thave•Peter______thedriver’stest,buthewasn’tcalmenoughinthelasttenminutes.•A.mighthavepassedB.musthavepassed•C.willpassedD.oughttohavepassed“Itisimportant（strange/natural/necessary/vital/necessary/important/urgent/imperative/natural/essential/desirable/）that…(should)+V.原形”，表示某事“重要”，“奇怪”，“自然”，“必要”等意义。eg.Itisimportantthateverymember(should)informhimselfoftheserules.Itisnecessarythathe(should)besentthereatonce.Itisdecided(hasbeendecided)thatthemeeting(should)bepostponedtilltomorrow.用于主语从句中•Itisnecessarythathe____________(take)agoodrestafterworkingforalongtime.•Itwasridiculousthathe________thatwayyesterday.•A.behavedB.shouldbehave•C.shallbehaveD.wouldbehave(should)take用于宾语从句Iwish从句结构Example与现在事实相反一般过去式Iwishitwereautumnnow.与过去事实相反过去完成式Hewishes(wished)hehadnotlostthechance.与将来事实相反Would+V.原形Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.•IwishI______longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.•A.couldhavesleptB.hadslept•C.mighthavesleptD.haveslept•Howhewishedthathe______theconcert!•A.wenttoB.hadgoneto•C.shouldhavegonetoD.wouldgoto•在表示建议，要求，命令的词•“suggest,demand,order,propose,insist,command,request,desire”后的宾语从句中：•“(should)+动词原形”•eg.Isuggestthatwe(should)setoffatonce.Idemandedthathe(should)answermeimmediately.•Thedoctorrecommendedthathe_____forafewdays.•A.restsB.restC.restedD.willrest•Thedoctorrequiredthateverymemberinhisdepartment____________(refer)tohisreport.(should)refer•Weareinfavorofyourproposalthatthemeeting______.•A.shouldbeputoffB.wasputoff•C.shouldputoffD.istoputoff•Hisrecommendationwasthatanexperiencedsalesmanager_____tothebranchcompanyinShanghaitotakechargeofthemarketingthere.•A.wassentB.send•C.besentD.wouldbesent用于状语从句1.evenif/eventhough•主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。eg.EvenifLinTaowerehere,Ishouldsaythesamething.Eventhoughhehadbeenill,hewouldhavegonetohisoffice.2.Though/although•Though/AlthoughhewasSpanish,hespentmostofhislifeinGermany.•We’llleaveasarrangedthoughitmightraintomorrow.(不用although)•指某种假设，只用though,不用although.•3.Asif/asthough从句的谓语形式为动词过去式（be用were）或“had+过去分词”eg.HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.•Itlooksasthoughitisgoingtorain.表示的事情可能会发生，谓语动词可用陈述语气。•5.lest,forfearthat,incase“以防，以免”•Sheemphasizeditagainandagain,lesthe(should)forget.•Lest从句用虚拟语气，(should)+V.原形•Forfearthat,incase既可用虚拟，也可用陈述语气。•Takeanumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.用于定语从句1.“Itis（about/high)time(that)…”,动词形式用过去式或“should+动词原形”,意为“(早）该做什么的时候了”.It’stimewewenttoschool.It’shightimewedidourhomework.2.Wouldrather,wouldsooner(宁愿），wouldjustassoon(宁愿）后，谓语用一般过去时：表示现在或将来虚拟过去完成时：表示过去虚拟用于简单句常用有2种形式，都表示祝愿：1Longlive…“万岁”Longlivethepeople!2May用在句子开头Mayyoubehappy.Maygoodluckbeyours.Mayyoudoevenbetter.虚拟条件句可以转化的形式。1.省略连词if在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had或should，可以省略if，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。eg.Hadhebeenmorecareful(Ifhehadbeenmorecareful),suchmistakescouldhavebeenavoided.2.用介词短语代替条件状语从句Without,butfor(要不是）,otherwise,butthat,exceptfor,only,but,oreg.Withoutair(Iftherewerenoair),therewouldbenolivingthings.与现在事实相反Butforyourhelp(Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp)Icouldnothavedoneit.与过去事实相反•Withoutwaterandair,there_______livingthingsontheearth.•A.beB.werenoC.weretobeD.was•You____yourworkaheadoftimewithouttheirhelp.•A.haven’tcompleted•B.wouldn’thavecompleted•C.weren’tcompleting•D.shouldn’thavecompleted2.省略主句（常用以表示愿望）Ifonly+would+V.原形（或V.一般过去）“要是……就好了”Ifonlyshehadnotleft!Ifonlymygrandmotherwerewithme!Ifonlythewindwereto/shouldstop!Ifonlyshe__________(know)thatherbehaviorwasnotwelcome,shewouldhavebeenmorecarefulwithhermanners.Ilostthepenyouhadboughtmeformybirthday.IfonlyI__________(notlose)it.hadn’tlosthadknown•3.Wouldrather,wouldsooner,wouldjustassoon+宾语从句+虚拟语气•Iwouldratheryou_____herthetruthsoearly.•A.tellB.didn’ttell•C.wouldtellD.shouldn’ttell•Themanagerwouldratherhisdaugh