基于土地利用和气候变化的北方农牧交错带界线变迁

2008,28(3)203~209ChinaEnvironmentalScience1,2,3*(1.,6100412.,1000493.,100012)1961~2005921819862000,,.,..,.,,..X14410006923(2008)03020307Spatialchangesofboundarybasedonlanduseandclimatechangeinthefarming-pastoralecotoneofnorthernChina.LIUJun-hui1,2,GAOJi-xi3*(1.ChengduInstituteofMountainHazardsandEnvironment,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Chengdu610041,China2.GraduateUniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100049,China3.InstituteofEcology,ChineseResearchAcademyofEnvironmentalSciences,Beijing100012,China).ChinaEnvironmentalScience,2008,28(3)203~209AbstractBasedonmeteorologicaldataof218weatherstationsduring1961~2005andlandusedataof1986and2000innineprovincesofnorthernChina,thelocationoffarming-pastoralecotoneofnorthernChinafromtheperspectiveofglobalclimatechangeandlandusechangewereredefined,andthechangecharacteristicsofitsboundarywasanalyzed.Therewassomedisputesonthelocationoffarming-pastoralecotoneofnorthernChina.Thewholefarming-pastoralecotoneofnorthernChinamovednorthwestwards.Thenorthwestboundaryhadgonedeepintothepurepasturezoneinanorthwarddirection,andfarming-pastoralecotonenearsoutheastboundaryhadchangedtopurefarmingzone.Climaticboundarychangedsoutheastwardswhilelanduseboundarychangednorthwestwards,andtheirchangingdirectionswerereverse.ThechangerangesofboundaryinnortheastsectionandNorthChinasectionwerefargreaterthannorthwestsection.Keywordslandusechangeclimatechangeclimaticboundarylanduseboundarychangeofboundarythefarming-pastoralecotoneofnorthernChina,2[12].,[3].,.,,.,,.,,..1,,20070625*,,[e-mail]20428,,[4].,(1).1,,.2,[57,912],400mm,400mm;,[8,13],400mm,.,;,.1Table1Definitionoffarming-pastoralecotoneofnorthernChinafromdifferentscholars1400mm[5]2,[6]3,300~500mm,25%~50%,7~8[7]4250~600mm,::1:0.5:1.5[8]5300~400mm,15%~20%[9]6250~500mm[10]7,,,300~450mm,15%~30%,1.0~2.0[11]8400mm400mm,50%,5m/s[12]9400mm,15%~35%,35%~75%[13],,,;,,..22.19()218,,1961~2005,.,ArcGIS.410(1961~19701971~19801981~19901991~2000)15(2001~2005)13205(1961~2005)6.(A).A,A,,.:A=P/EPT(1):P;EPT.19770.2A0.5[14],.2.29,19862000./.:AOI./,[15],6();20.Arc/INFO,,,,1,Coverage,21:10.,105°,25°47°.Arc/INFO,21km×1kmGrid.33.1,[11],.:400mm;15%~30%;0.2~0.5;300,450mm,.9154(),10,20,62.1km2.,(2),(1).,,3.,,.21961~2005Table2Thestatusofmeteorologicalcomponentsindifferentyearsfrom1961to2005(mm)()1961~1970286~643(426)1.5~9.6(5.6)0.13~0.42(0.24)1971~1980238~649(399)1.5~9.8(5.7)0.11~0.45(0.23)1981~1990253~659(412)0.9~9.8(6.0)0.12~0.48(0.25)1991~2000237~643(399)0.2~10.6(6.7)0.13~0.48(0.23)2001~2005253~594(376)0.4~10.8(6.8)0.12~0.44(0.22)()1Fig.1Thechangecharacteristicsofclimaticboundary3.21,,,.,,259.7km;1:1000000020628.:.2080,,,2001.2060,2001.220.5km,2090;259.7km,2080.:.2060,2001.96.4km,2090;126.5km,2060.:.2060,2070.98.1km,2060;118.9km,2090.44.14.1.1[16],()()%1001100×××⎭⎬⎫⎩⎨⎧∆=∑−tSSSnijiji(2):iSi;jiS−∆i;t;St,,100.2,.,,,;;,;.,;,,.2Fig.2Thedistributionoflandusedynamicdegree4.1.2,[17].Arc/INFO[18]:grid,Zonalcentroid;GridpointUngenerate,;,,[19].3,19105.0m;25455.8m;24186.8m;61131.0m;25059.9m;49040.8m.,;,.1:10000000320731986~2000Fig.3Thedistributionoflandusegravitycenterschangefrom1986to200019862000.4.2,:ArcGISRasterCalculator,;Arc/INFOGridpoint,;ArcGISDensity,10km,,(4).4,,;,.,.419862000Fig.4Thedensitydistributionoffarmlandandgrasslandin1986and20001:23000001:140000001:140000001:140000001:1400000020828[13],,19862000(5).:400mm;10%~40%;25%~70%.1986200063.2,65.6km2.,3,.5Fig.5Thechangingchangecharacteristicsoflanduseboundary4.35,,,.,.,,,.,,,.,,.,.:.2000.,.,.19862000,118.4,46.7km,81.1,125.6km.14,78.8,206.5km.:,,.,,2000.,,.,“”,,,.19862000,36.9,69.2km,107.2,77.1km.14,93.7,144.3km.:,.,,,.,,.19862000,232.8,205.6km;121.3,88.2km.14,76.9,105.9km.55.1.,,.20,,“”,,.2000,1:100000003209,,..5.2..,;,,,.[1]DiCastriF,Hansen,AJ,HollandMM.Anewlookatecotones:emerginginternationalprojectsonlandscapeboundaries[J].BiologyInternational,1988,17(SpecialIssue):1163.[2]ThierryDutoit,EliseBuisson,EricGerbaud,etal.Thestatusoftransitionsbetweencultivatedfieldsandtheirboundaries:ecotones,ecoclineoredgeeffects?[J].ActaOecologica,2007,31(2):127136.[3],,,.[M].:,2004:161.[4],,.[J].(),2003,26(3):269273.[5].[J].,1953,19(1):4360.[6],,,.[M].:,1958.[7],,.[J].,1984,4(3):197205.[8],.[M].:,1994.[9].[M].:,1992.[10],,.[J].,1999,21(5):1924.[11],,,.[J].,2002,17(5):739747.[12],,,.[M].:,1988.[13],.[J].,1988,7(1):2428.[14].[J].,1990,13(3):8086.[15].[M].:,1996:140.[16],,,.2090[M].:,2005:268269.[17],.[J].,1999,18(1):8187.[18],,,.[J].,2003,24():167173.[19],,.[J].,1998,13(1):9296.(1976),,,,GIS.5.20065N2ON2OCO22007.