过去完成时被动

被动语态的过去完成时一、过去完成时被动语态结构过去完成时:haddone过去完成时被动语态（肯定）：hadbeendone否定：hadnotbeendone一般疑问句：had+主语+beendone特殊疑问句：疑问词+had+主+beendone1.Bythetimethetornadoended,morethan700people_____________.(kill)2.CoghlantraveledbacktoCanadaafterhe_______________(bury)inTexas.3.Theclassroom___________(clean)beforetheteachercame.一、用法：句中常用by,before,after+过去时间点表过去的过去hadbeencleaned二、用在宾语从句中（主句是过去式，从句由原来的wasdone/havebeendone/hadbeendone变hadbeendone1.Theticketsweresoldout.2.Heheardthat___________________________________.3.Thenewspaperreportedmorethan1000persons____________________(kill)inthehurricane.theticketshadalreadybeensoldout.hadbeenkilled三、固定句型：1.itwasthefirsttimethatwehadbeenintroducedattheconference.2.itwasthebestfilmthathadbeendirectedbytheunknowndirectorallhislife.Itwasthefirsttime/secondtime…that…主语+was+the+最高级+定从3.自从我到这已经十年了.ItistenyearssinceIcamehere.ItwastenyearssinceIhadcomehere.4.Bythetimehegraduated,he_____________(learn)alot.hadlearnt5.虚拟中表示与过去事实相反的动作或者状态。IfIhadbeeninvitedearlier,Iwouldhavegonethere.Iwouldratherhehadn’tknownme.6.“想”“打算”“认为”的词用过去完成时表示事与愿违计划未实现want/hope/expect/plan/mean/intend/think/supposeIhadintendedtocallonyou.practice1.We_______(hurry)tothestationonlytofindthatthetrain___________(delay)2.Ayearpassedwhenit_____(realize)thattheparcel__________(send)tothewrongaddress.3.They______(begin)toclimbthemountainafterthey________(buy)somefood.4.Hetolduslight______(travel)fasterthansound.hurriedhadbeendelayedrealizedhadbeensentbeganhadboughttravels直接引语、间接引语的转换直接引语:直接引用别人的话,把它放在引号内.(directspeech)间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话(indirectspeech)“I’mstillworkingbecausethereisalottodo.”hesaid.Hesaidthathewasstillworkingbecausetherewasalottodo.Hesaid,“Eleventhousandpeoplelivehereandsixthousandleftlastweek.”Hesaidthateleventhousandpeoplelivedthereandsixthousandhadleftaweekbefore.“Doesthismeanthatthedangerisover?”heasked.Heaskedifthismeantthatthedangerwasover.Heoftensays,“Chinaisgreat.”Heoftensays(that)Chinaisgreat.“Idon’twanttoplayfootball.”hesaid.Hesaid(that)hedidn’twanttoplayfootball.1.陈述句变为间接引语,要用that引导从句,口语中常可省略Hesays,“IsTomanEnglishman?”Heaskedwhether/ifTomwasanEnglishman.Heaskedme“Doyouwanttogo?”Heaskedmeif/whetherIwantedtogo.2.一般疑问句变成间接引语,要由连词if/whether引导,并将原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。Hesaid,“Whereisshegoing?”Heaskedwhereshewasgoing.Heaskedme“whatdidyoudo?”HeaskedmewhatIhaddone.3.特殊疑问句变为间接引语,引导词仍用特殊疑问词,但疑问语序要变为陈述语序.Grammar2“Tom,”hesaidtohim,“comehere,please.”HeaskedTomtogothere.Fathersaidtome,“Don’tdothat.”Fathertoldmenottodothat.4.祈使句变为间接引语时,用ask/tell/ordersb.to/nottodosth.连接。1.Heaskedme,“Youareastudent,aren’tyou?”2.“Whereisthestation?”saidTom.3.“Whydon’tyoustayhereovertheweekend?”shesaid.HeaskedmeifIwasastudent.Tomaskedwherethestationwas.ShesuggestedIshouldstayhereovertheweekend.关联词列举•递进关系：What’smore；moreover；besides;not...but...;inaddition(to)…•转折关系：but；however…•归纳总结类：inaword；onthewhole;inshort；tosumup；inconclusion…•强调关系：infact;whatismoreimportant；inreality；indeed;inparticular…•并列关系：and;also;aswellas；either...，or...；both...and...；notonly...butalso...•先后次序关系：first;second;atlast;lastbutnotleast；tobeginwith…•重申关系：inotherwords;thatistosay;asIhavesaid…