英语六级相关语法重点讲解

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英语六级语法重点讲解特殊的虚拟语气词——should•.1)Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should加动词原形,should可省略。•句型:•(1)suggested•(2)Itisimportantthat…+(should)do•(3)apity•(1)suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted;+(should)do•(2)important,necessary,natural,strange,apity,ashame,nowonder•(3)Itissuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.•Itisnecessarythathe(should)cometoourmeetingtomorrow.2)在宾语从句中的应用•在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+(should)do•Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.•Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.•注意:如suggest,insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时,即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时,宾语从句用陈述语气。•Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybodyobeytherules.•判断改错:•(错)Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.•(对)Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.•(错)Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.•(对)Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.3)在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用•在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。•Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.•Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.一般现在时代替完成时•1)有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时:•hear,tell,learn,write,understand,forget,know,find,say,remember.•Ihear(=haveheard)hewillgotoLondon.•Iforget(=haveforgotten)howoldheis.•2)句型Itis…since…代替Ithasbeen…since…•3)Itis(=hasbeen)fiveyearssincewelastmet不定式的特殊句型soasto•1)表示目的;它的否定式是soasnottodo。•Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehisjob.•汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。•Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.•轻点进去,别惊醒了婴儿。•2)sokindasto---劳驾•Wouldyoubesokindastotellmethetime?•劳驾,现在几点了。None、few、some、any、one、ones的用法•一、none无•1)none作主语,多与of构成短语noneof。在答语中,none可单独使用。•Arethereanypicturesonthewall?None.•2)none作主语,谓语动词单复数均可。但如做表语,则其单复数与表语一致。•Itisnoneofyourbusiness.•二、few一些,少数•few作主语时,谓语动词用复数,多用于肯定句。••三、some一些•1)可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。•2)当做某一解时,也可与单数名词连用。(=acertain)•Youwillbesorryforthissomeday.•总有一天,你会后悔这件事的。•Acertain(some)personhasseenyoubreaktherule.•某些人不同意你的看法。注意:•(1)在肯定疑问句中用some代替any。•(2)some用于其他句式中:•a.肯定疑问句中:说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答时。Wouldyoulike句式中,表委婉请求或建议,如:•Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?•b.在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时,如:•Ifyouneedsomehelp,letmeknow.•c.some位于主语部分,•Somestudentshaven‘tbeentherebefore.•d.当否定的是整体中的部分时,some可用于否定句。如:•Ihaven‘theardfromsomeofmyoldfriendstheseyears.•这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信。四、any一些•1)any多用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中。当句中含有任何的意思时,any可用于肯定句。•Herearethreenovels.Youmayreadany.这有三本小说,你可任读一本。•五、one,ones为复数形式•ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前,则用some,any,而不用ones。•Haveyouboughtanyrulers?Yes,I‘veboughtsome.•Only在句首要倒装的情况•Onlyinthisway,canyoulearnEnglishwell.•Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.•如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装•Onlywhenheisseriouslyill,doesheeverstayinbed.•不定代词every、no、all、both、neither、nor的用法•1)不定代词有all,both,every,each,either,neither,more,little,few,much,many,another,other,some,any,one,no以及some,something,anything,everything,somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nothing,nobody,noone,none,everybody,everyone.等。•2)不定代词的功能与用法•a.除every和no外不定代词既可用作名词,也可用作形容词。every和no在句中只能作定语。•Ihavenoideaaboutit.•b.all都,指三者以上。all的主谓一致:all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。•Allgoeswell.一切进展得很好。•all通常不与可数名词单数连用,如:不说allthebook,而说thewholebook。但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用,如allday,allnight,alltheyear;但习惯上不说allhour,allcentury。all还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用,如allChina,allthecity,allmylife,alltheway•3)both都,指两者。•a.both与复数动词连用,但both…and…可与单数名词连用。•b.both,all都可作同位语,其位置在行为动词前,be动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词•后面的实义动词省去,则位于助动词或情态动词之前。•WhocanspeakJapanese?Weboth(all)can.•4)neither两者都不•a.neither作主语时,谓语动词用单数。•b.作定语与单数名词连用,但neither…nor用作并列连词,可与复数名词连用。其谓语采用就近原则。•c.可用于下列句型,避免重复。•Shecan‘tsing,neither(can)he.•neither与nor•d.如前句是否定式从句,则主句用neither,而不用nor。•Ifyoudon‘tdoit,neithershouldI.如果你不干,我也不干。•e.如后连续有几个否定句式,则用nor,不用neither。•Hecan‘tsing,nordance,norskate.•比较may和might•1)表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may放在句首,表示祝愿。•MayGodblessyou!•Hemightbeathome.•注意:might表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比may小。•2)成语:may/mightaswell,后面接不带to的不定式,意为不妨。•Ifthatisthecase,wemayaswelltry.•典型例题•Peter___comewithustonight,butheisn‘tverysureyet.•A.mustB.mayC.canD.will•答案B.表可能性只能用may.此句意可从后半句推出。•though,although的用法•注意:当有though,although时,后面的从句不能有but,但是though和yet可连用•Althoughit‘sraining,theyarestillworkinginthefield.•虽然在下雨,但他们仍在地里干活。•Heisveryold,buthestillworksveryhard.•虽然他很老,但仍然努力地工作。•Thoughthesorebehealed,yetascarmayremain.•伤口虽愈合,但伤疤留下了。(谚语)•典型例题•1)___sheisyoung,sheknowsquitealot.•A.WhenB.HoweverC.AlthoughD.Unless•答案:C。意为虽然她很年轻,却知道许多。•2)as,though引导的倒装句•as/though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前)。•Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.•=Thoughhewasasmallchild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.•注意:a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。•b.句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。•Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.•=Thoughhetrieshard,heneverseems…•虽然他尽了努力,但他的工作总做的不尽人意。•3)everif,eventhough.即使•We‘llmakeatripeventhoughtheweatherisbad.•4)whether…or-不管……都•Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.•5)nomatter+疑问词或疑问词+后缀ever•Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.•Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.••替换:nomatterwhat=whatever•nomatterwho=whoever•nomatterwhen=whenever•nomatterwhere=wherever•nomatterwhich=whichever•nomatterhow=however•注意:nomatter不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。•(错)Nomatterwhatyousayi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