英语句子特征及句子成分

Lesson7英语句子特征及句子成分Objectives1.认知句子的基本特征。2.学会分析句子成分。Whichoneisasentence？1.Favoriteplayerfootballismyhe.2.Heismyfavoritefootballplayer.句子•概念：单词和词组按照各自的词性所表示的功能，按照一定的模式排列起来，表达一个相对完整的意思，这就是句子。•特征：一个句子，一个句号。一个句子中只有一个或者几个并列的谓语动词，其他的动词都要用非谓语动词的形式运用到从句中去。tododoingdone句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分,分别为主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语和同位语。主语：一般位于句首,是一个句子所叙述的主体,是动作的执行者。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等表示。例如：1.Countrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopularduringthe1990s.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.Twoplustwoisfour.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Tellingjokesisagoodwaytomakegirlshappy.6.Whathesaidistrue.7.Itisnecessarytolearnaforeignlanguage.名词代词数词不定式动名词主语从句it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式谓语1、Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.3.Hehascaughtabadcold.4.Studentsarepreparingforanimportantexam.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Thatheisthewinnersurprisesus.找出下列句子中的主语一般放在主语之后，表述主语的动作或状态，有时态和语态的变化。通常由动词或动词短语充当。表语•表语一般位于系动词之后用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态.表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。系动词：1.be动词2.感官动词:look，smell,taste,sound,feel3.become,go,turn,seem,appear…找出下列句子的系动词及表语1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.2.Isityours?3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.4.Helooksveryangry.5.Sheappearsyoung.6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.7.Thecaketastesgood.8.Timeisup.9.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.宾语1.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.4.Studentsarepreparingforanexam.5.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.6.Iguessthatheisournewteacher.宾语一般位于动词和介词后面,表示动作的承受者。通常由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式或从句充当。•注：双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：1.Pleaselendmeyourdictionary2.Shetellsmejokes.3.Wegivethemsomemoney.跟双宾语的动词：give,tell,buy,bring,lend,show,wish,send,owe（欠）…1.请把我的外套带过来。2.妈妈给我买了本书。Pleasebringmemycoat.MyMomboughtmeabook.宾语补足语•将宾语没有表达完整的意思补充完整，用来对宾语进行补充和说明。可由形容词、副词、名词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。1.HisfathernamedhimDongming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Hetoldustostay.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythingingoodorderinthelab.定语•修饰、限定名词或代词，说明名词或代词的特征、性质或范围的成分。通常由形容词、名词、数词、介词短语、动名词、不定式或从句充当。1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.2.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.3.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.4.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout(想出，算出).5.ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.状语•修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动词发生的时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、程度、目的、结果等状况的句子成分。通常由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、状语从句或某些形容词充当。1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Notknowingheraddress，Ican'twritetoher.4.Waitaminute.5.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.4.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.6.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.7.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.状语的种类时间状语原因状语条件状语地点状语方式状语伴随状语目的状语8.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.9.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.10.Iamtallerthanheis.结果状语让步状语比较状语1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Theapplestastedsweet8.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.9.WenamedourbabyTom.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：Homework•过度教材P12Exercise1&2.•7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.•10.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.•13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.•14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?•15.Tobehonest，yourpronunciationisnotsogood.•16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?•17.•18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.•19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.•.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：•Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.•Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：•MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.四、选择填空：•()1.____willleaveforBeijing.•A.NowtherethemanB.Themanherenow•C.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow•()2.Theweather____.•A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold•()3.Theappletasted____.•A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet•()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.•A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter•()5.Theactor______attheageof70.•A.deadB.diedC.dyedD