Alfred+Tennyson+(1809-1892)

AlfredTennyson（1809-1892）Teachingobjectives:knowingTennyson’slife,worksanddistinguishedstylesTeachingcontents:1.Introduction:HisLife2.MajorWorks3.AnalysisofBreak,Break,Break4.AnalysisofCrossingtheBar5.ArtisticFeatures1.Introduction:HisLifeAlfredTennysonwasbornandbredinacountryclergyman’sfamilyandeducatedatCambridgeUniversity.Hisearlyvolumesofpoems,publishedin1830and1833,wentunnoticedbythereadingpublic,andheonlyachievedsomefamewithhistwovolumesofpoetryin1842.Hereceivedapensionfromthegovernment,andin1850hewasmadepoetlaureatetosucceedWordsworth.FromthattimetillhewascreatedabaronandbecameLordTennysonin1884,hewrotemoreopenlyasacourtpoet.TennysonwithhiswifeEmily(1813-1896)andhissonsHallam(1852-1928)andLionel(1854-1886).Farringford-LordTennyson'sresidenceontheIsleofWightStatueofLordTennysoninthechapelofTrinityCollege,Cambridge.2.MajorWorksBreak,Break,Break（1842）Thelotus-Eaters（1842）Ulysses（1842）ThePrincess（1847）InMemoriam（1850）TheIdyllsoftheking（1859-1888）3.AnalysisofBreak,Break,Break3.1ThemesThisshortlyriciswritteninmemoryofTennyson’sbestfriend,ArthurHallam,whosedeathhasalife-longinfluenceonthepoet.Thepoemdescribesfeelingsoflossandtherealizationthatthereissomethingbeyondthecycleoflifeanddeath.Here,thepoet’sownfeelingsofsadnessarecontrastedwiththecarefree,innocentjoysofthechildrenandtheunfeelingmovementoftheshipandtheseawaves.Thebeautyofthelyricistobefoundinthemusicallanguageandintheassociationofsoundandimageswithfeelingsandemotions.Break,Break,Break海浪喧哗Break,break,break,Onthycoldgraystones,OSea!AndIwouldthatmytonguecouldutterThethoughtsthatariseinme.哗啦，哗啦，哗啦，冲上阴冷的礁石，啊海浪！愿我的语言能够表达埋藏心底的惆怅。O,wellforthefisherman'sboy,Thatheshoutswithhissisteratplay!O,wellforthesailorlad,Thathesingsinhisboatonthebay!啊，那渔夫的男孩多么愉快，与姊妹一起游戏呼喊；啊，那年轻的水手多么愉快，且引吭高歌且荡舟海湾。AndthestatelyshipsgoonTotheirhavenunderthehill;ButOforthetouchofavanishedhand,Andthesoundofavoicethatisstill!庄严的船队在进发驶向山下的海港；可那消失了的手的轻抚与那静默了的声音竟在何方！Break,break,break,Atthefootofthycrags,OSea!ButthetendergraceofadaythatisdeadWillnevercomebacktome.哗啦，哗啦，哗啦，冲着峭岩的跟脚，啊海浪！可那逝去的温柔美好时光再也不回我的身旁。3.2FormandstyleThepoemcontainsfourquatrains,withcombinediambicandanapesticfeet.Mostlineshavethreefeetandsomefour.Therhymeschemeisabcb.(Theanapestisafootthatconsistsoftwounaccentedsyllablesfollowedbyoneaccentedsyllable.)Generallyspeaking,anapesticfeetreadfast.Butthereadercan’treadthispoemthiswayfortherearemanylongvowelsinthispoem,whichshowsthepoet’sgrief.Inmanylinesinthispoem,thepoetusesroundlabialsyllablessuchas[эu][u:][au]intheformerpartandusesflatlabialsyllablessuchas[I:][э],whichmakesthereaderthinkaboutthesoundofcrying.4.AnalysisofCrossingtheBarThispoemwaswritteninthelateryearsofTennyson’slife.Wecanfeelhisfearlessnesstowardsdeath,hisfaithinGodandanafterlife.Bar:abankofsandorstonesunderthewaterasinariver,paralleltotheshore,attheentrancetoharbor.“Crossingthebar”meansleavingthisworldandenteringthenextworld.Sunset,eveningstar,twilight,eveningbell:allimagesoftheendoflife.Sea,tide,deep,flood:allsymbolsoflife.Bourne:boundary.Pilot:HereitreferstoGod.CrossingtheBar渡沙渚(zhuu)Sunsetandeveningstar,Andoneclearcallforme!Andmaytherebenomoaningofthebar,WhenIputouttosea,Butsuchatideasmovingseemsasleep,Toofullforsoundandfoam,WhenthatwhichdrewfromouttheboundlessdeepTurnsagainhome.夕阳下，闪疏星，召唤一声清朗！愿沙渚宁静，我将出海远航；潮汐如梦幻，涛声似止，浪花息；大海深处涌来，又悄然退却。Twilightandeveningbell,Andafterthatthedark!Andmaytherebenosadnessoffarewell,WhenIembark;ForthoughfromoutourbourneofTimeandPlaceThefloodmaybearmefar,IhopetoseemyPilotfacetofaceWhenIhavecrossedthebar.暮霭钟鸣，黑夜将笼罩！愿诀别无悲声，登舟起锚；千古洪流，时空无限，滔滔载我至远方；渡沙渚一线，泰然见领航。5.ArtisticFeaturesTennysonisagreatVictorianpoetconsciousofthesituationofhisownage.HeisthefirstmajorwritertoexpresstheawarenessofthevastextentofgeologicaltimethathashauntedhumanconsciousnesssinceVictorianscientistsexposedthehistoryoftheearth’scrust.Tennysonisarealartist.Hehasthenaturalpoweroflinkingvisualpictureswithmusicalexpressions,andthesetwowiththefeelings.HehasperfectcontrolofthesoundofEnglish,andasensitiveear,anexcellentchoiceandtasteofwords.Hispoetryisrichinpoeticimagesandmelodiouslanguage,andnotedforitslyricalbeautyandmetricalcharm.Tennysonisamoralist.HeisclosertoPopeandGraythanto,say,Browning.Heisaclassicalscholarwithhighlypolishedstyle,delicatetunesandfaultlessverbalrhythms.Althoughheattackstheevilsofhistime,especiallymoney-worship,hisattacksaremostthoseofamoralistthanofaradicalreformer.Hispoetryisfullofdidacticism.Hehasmadepoetrythedescriptionofabeautifulandantiqueworld,asifdeliberatelyheisclosinghiseyestotheuglyindustrialismofhisowncentury.Hisownpast,hiscountry’spast,thepastofmankindandthepastoftheworldarethethemeofhispoetry.Tennysonisagreatpoetofnature.Heseesnatureasthesettingforperformancesandspectaclesasintenseandtransitoryastheemotionswhichsweepacrossthemind.