常见后缀1)名词后缀-ability,-ibility…能力,可…性abilityflexibility-acle可…性,易…性,可…miracle奇迹-age费用postage-age集合名词,总称average平均数;平均的;平均-age加在v.或n.后,表动作,状态marriage结婚shrinkage-al人,物rival对手;竞争-al加在v.后,表动作,过程,构成名词arrivalrefusalfuneral葬礼-an,-ian,-arian人humanitarian人道主义者librarianmusician-ance/-ancy加在v.后构成名词,表示行为,性质,状态appearancereferenceabundanceromance-ancy/-ency动作,状态emergencyexpectancy期待,预期-ant,-ent人servantinfantstudent-ard,-erd人(大多含有贬义)coward懦夫-ary从事…的人,与…有关的物secretary秘书-ate表人或物,职权candidate侯选人/classmate同学-ation附在v.后,表动作,状态,结果application申请,应用accusation控告指控-cy动作,状态,结果accuracybankruptcy破产,倒闭-domn.或a.后表地位,领域,状态,性质等freedomkingdom王国,领域-ee动作的承受者absentee缺席者employee-eer,-ier,-er,-or表动作的发出者cashierlawyercustomertraitor叛徒-en,-let小pamphlet小册子chicken小鸡-ence,-ency,-ancy表动作,性质,状态silenceviolencefrequency-ent表人或物accent口音-er,-or,-ar人、器painterconductor售票员,导体,指挥beggar-er,-ier,-or…工具、武器、机械等barrier障碍物powder火药ladder梯子-ery表示行为,习性,性质braverycookery烹调法,烹调术misery痛苦robbery掠夺-ese附在地名后,表语言或居民Chinese中国人,汉语Japanese-ess/-ressn.后构成阴性人称waitresshostessactresslioness-ful数量handfulspoonful-hood加在n.a.后表身份、性质,时代childhoodlikelihood可能性neighborhood邻近,邻居,附近-ian职业,地位,物证librarian图书馆理员-ic,-ics人,…学术fabric结构,织物traffic交通electronicslinguistics-ine表抽象名词outline轮廓,大纲-ing表制成品readingshoppingclothing-ion,-ition,-ation行为,状态,结果,物colllectioncompositionvocation职业-ism主义,状态tourismheroism英勇,勇敢的事迹-ist主义者,专业人,专家typist打字员socialist社会主义者violinist小提琴手-ity-ty状态crueltypurity纯净,纯洁-ment表过程,状态,程度,性质,结果movementretirementpayment-ness表性质,程度,状态goodnessdarknesshappinessillness-o表人物,场所pianovolcano火山-(o)logy学科,学问futurologymusiclogy-oon表物moon-ry表行为,性质,场所histotylibrary-ship表状态,性质,身份,技能friendshippartnership合伙人身份ownership所有权-sion,-ssion行为,性质decisionexpansion-th表动作,性质,过程wealthlengthwarmth-ture,-ure表动作,行为,结果及集合词mixtureclosure关闭exposure-ty,-ity,-ety表性质,状态,程度crueltypovertydignity尊严,高贵necessityloyalty忠诚,忠心-y表前面v或adj的相应状态jury陪审团spray喷雾,飞沫-y表示职业,技术,场所,…的产品fishery渔业,渔场,养殖场grocery杂货店2)形容词后缀-able,-ible可以的,能…的suitableadmissible可容许的possibledesirable值得的humble-al…的educationalnatural-an,-arian,-ian…的suburban郊区的disciplinarian纪律的Canadianurban城市的-aneous有…性质的,属于…的spontaneous自发的-ant,-ent有…性质的,关于…的differentresultant作为结果的fragrant芬香的frequentabundantelegant优雅的,雅致的-ar,-ary,-ory有…性质的,属于…的,关于…的voluntaryadvisory顾问的,咨询的,劝告的customary习惯的,惯例的-ate,-atibe,-itibe有…性质的,属于…的talkative语多的,健谈的consideratefortunate-ed加在n有……的gifted有天赋的-ed加在v后,有…特征的,已…的belovedused-en(n.后)由…制成的,含有…的goldenwoolen-ern在…方向上easternwestern-ese…地方的ChineseJapanese-free免于…的carefree无忧无虑的troublefree无故障的-ful充满,富有…的beautifulcarefulpainful-ial,-ual,-al具性质的feudal封建的royal王室的-ic,-atic,-etic,-tic有…性质的与有关的属于…的historicromantic-ic,-ical…的atomicbiological-ish似的性质的foolishchildishgirlishreddish-ive…的creativesupportive支持的-less在n/v后,无…的不…的wirelesshopelessjobless-like象…的childlikeladylike-ly每特定时间发生一次的weeklyyearlymonthly-ly像…的,有…特征的earlyholy神圣的,圣洁的manly像男人的,强壮的-most最的utmost极度的,最大限度的-ous,-ious…的spacious宽敞的,广阔的dangerous-some易于…的,有…倾向的tiresome讨厌的quarrelsome喜欢争吵的troublesome-ward(s)…方向的downward(s)homeward(s)-y附在n后,有…的,似…的,多…的hairy多毛的,长毛的healthynoisycrazyfunnysly3)动词后缀-ate造成,做…事celebratenecessitate使...成为必需lubricate润滑deteriorate使恶化-en使成为deepenfasten拴紧,使固定deafenflattenfrightenopenwaken-er反复wander徘徊-fy致使applyreply-ify致使classifysimplify-ish使,令publishpolish擦亮-ize,-ise使成为,…化modernizepopularize普及,使流行minimize将...减到最少,贬低summarize概括4)副词后缀-ly程度,性质likelynearlyhighlyeasilyquickly-ward(s)表方向northwardupwardafterward-way表方向asway摆动地-wise表方向clockwise顺时针方向地otherwise注意:1)-al即可作形容词后缀,又可作名词后缀,接在名词后变成形容词,表示:具有…性质的,如:national国家的,民族的continental大陆的basal基础的-al在动词后构成抽象名词,表示行为、状态、事情。如:proposal提议removal迁移trial尝试2)-ly既可做副词后缀,又可作形容词后缀;加在形容词后构成副词,表示状态、程度、性质、方式如:turly确实greatly大大地fearfully可怕地badly严重地-ly加在时间名词后构成形容词和副词,表示“每…的”,有的可作名词如:hourly每小时的/地daily每日的/地nightly每夜的/地weekly每周的/地-ly加在普通名词后构成形容词,表示如…的,有…特征的,如:fatherly父亲般的childly孩子般的manly男子般的friendly友好的homely家常的。