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141-142（1）Lesson141Sally’sfirsttrainrideLesson142SomeoneinvitedSallytoaparty一教学重点被动语态和主动语态二单词详解1.excitedadj.兴奋的（修饰人）excitedpeople激动的人们excitingadj.使人兴奋的，刺激的（修饰物）anexcitingbook非常有趣的书Hewasexcitedtohearthenews.他听到那消息很激动Theywaitedforsomethingexcitingtohappen.他们等待激动人心的事情发生同类词有：excited-exciting/interested-interesting/surprised-surprising/pleased-pleasing/tried–tiring/bored-boring/relax-relaxing/embarrassed–embarrassing/amused-amusing以ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使他们所修饰的人名词是事物，那他们只得也是与该事物相关的人；以ing结尾的形容词主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若它们用于说明人，则表示此人具有的性质或特征Iaminterestedinhistory,becauseitisinteresting.Thechildrenweretriedafterthetrip./Thetripwastiring.2.geton1)登上（火车，公共汽车，飞机），骑上（自行车，马）反义词getoffWhentheoldladygotonthebus,ayoungmanstooduptoofferherhisseat．Pleasegetoffthetrainontheleftside.getin（thecar）上小汽车反义词getoutof2)应付，进展IamafraidIdidn’tgetonverywellintheexam.3)穿上，盖上It’sverycoldoutside,you’dbettergetyourcoaton.3middle-aged中年的4opposite①介词prep：在……对面Hesitsoppositetome.②adj.对面的，相反的反对的Ourschoolisoppositetothebank.Theresultiscompletelyoppositetowhatweexpected.5.curiously1)adv.好奇地Thelittleboywatchedcuriouslywhenhismumopenedthebox.2)奇怪地Curiouslyenoughhehadneverseenthelittlegirlcuriousadj.好奇的，强烈的Childrenarecuriousabouteverythingaroundthem.141-142（2）6funny可笑的，好像的Iheardafunnyjokelastnight.奇怪的，奇特的It’sfunnythingthat……7powder粉，粉末facepowder擦脸香粉power力量magicpower8compactn.(内有镜子的)化妆粉盒adj.简洁的、紧凑的Makeyourarticlecompact.9kindlyadv.亲切地，友好地Theteacherspeakstothechildrenkindly.kindadj亲切的，友好的It’sverykindofyou.kindnessn仁慈，友好的行为Thankyouforyourkindness.10ugly由敌意的，难看的，有敌意的；不祥的theuglywitch形容女孩子相貌不好看，常用plainaratherplaingirl11.amusedadj.有趣的，表示（人表情等）愉快Thepatientwasamusedatthemusic.amusingadj.好笑的，好玩的，有趣的Ihadanamusingexperiencelastyear./amusev.使（某人）快乐，逗乐Hisjokesamusedthecryingbaby.12smilenwearasmile面带微笑beallsmiles满面笑容V.Hesmileswarmly.暖暖的微笑形容笑：smile微笑giggle咯咯的笑grin咧嘴笑laugh大笑，讥笑12.embarrassedadj.尴尬的，窘迫的，觉得不好意思的Hefeltsoembarrassedatthatmoment.embarrassingadj.令人尴尬的，令人困惑的It'sreallyanembarrassingexperience.embarrassv.使人窘迫，使人为难，使人不好意思Hedidn'tmeantoembarrassyou13worryv.Don’tworryworriedadj.beworriedaboutHeisworriedabouthissickmother.14regularlyadv.定期地regularadj.定期的，有规律的exerciseregularlykeepregularhours作息有规律takeregularexercise定期进行锻炼三课文详解1.Lastweek,myfour-year-olddaughter,Sally,wasinvitedtoachildren’sparty.①four-year-old合成形容词，其中名词必须用单数形式。也可以用fouryearsolda800-metre-longbridge②invitesbtodosth.wasinvitedto被邀请去，被动语态Iaminvitedtotheparty.141-142（3）③名词所有格2.Idecidedtotakeherbytrain.①decidetodosth决定去做某事②take、bring、fetch4.Sallywasveryexcitedbecauseshehadnevertraveledonatrainbefore.①because连词，引导原因状语从句②onatrain=bytrainonatrain和inatrain的区别：onthetrain是固定搭配，表示人“坐火车”，inatrain是在火车上。同inhospital/inthehospital③before5.Shesatnearthewindowandaskedquestionabouteverythingshesaw.①askquestionsabout对…提出问题answertothequestion②everythingshesaw=everythingthatshesaw她所看到的一切everythingIneed/want6.Suddenly,amiddle-agedladygotonthetrainandsatoppositeSally.①形容词+名词+-ed，构成形容词相当于with/in介词短语along-facedman=amanwithalongfaceabig-eyedgirl=agirlwithbigeyesthree-leggedtable=atablewiththreelegs②getonthetrain上火车③opposite7.“Hello,littlegirl,’shesaid.Sallydidnotanswer,butlookedathercuriously.Theladywasdressedinabluecoatandalarge,funnyhat.①lookedathercuriously②bedressedin(=wear,haveon)穿着…Inthoseyears,everyonewasdressedinblueorgreen.8.Afterthetrainhadleftthestation,theladyopenedherhandbagandtookoutherpowercompact.Shebegantomakeupherface.①过去完成时态②takeout拿出，取出③makeup化妆，打扮Shespenttoomuchtimeonmakingherselfup.9.‘Whyareyoudoingthat?’Sallyasked.“Tomakemyselfbeautiful”①doingthat=makingupyourface②makesb.adj.makemesurprised/strongmakesb.n.makehimamonitor141-142（4）10.Sheputawayhercompactandsmiledkindly.“Butyouareugly.”Sallysaid.①putaway放在一边，收起Pleaseputawayyourexercisesbook.②直接引语变为间接引语11Sallywasamused,butIwasembarrassed.①ed形容词与ing形容词四重点语法英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。1涵义：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。主动语态：主语是动作的发出者被动语态：主语是动作的承受者2结构：被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。被动语态的结构：be+P.P.主动语态被动语态一般现在时态am/is/are+P.P.一般过去时态was/were+P.P.现在进行时态have/hasbeen+P.P.过去进行时态hadbeen+P.P.现在完成时态am/is/are+being+P.P.过去完成时态was/were+being+P.P.情态动词can/must/maybe+P.P.3用法：(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。4主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格(4)含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。