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四级考前冲刺试题一PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofIsOfferingSeatsCompulsoryforYoungPassengers?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelow.1.有人认为公交车上年轻人必须给老人让座2.有人认为年轻人没有义务给老人让座3.你的看法IsOfferingSeatsCompulsoryforYoungPassengers?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.EatanApple(Doctor’sOrders)Thefarmstandisbecomingthenewapothecary(药剂师),preparingandgivingoutapples—nottomentionvegetablessuchasartichokes,asparagusandarugula—tofillanovelkindofprescription.DoctorsatthreehealthcentersinMassachusettshavebegunadvisingpatientstoeat“prescriptionproduce”fromlocalfarmers’markets,inanefforttofightobesity(whensomeoneisveryfatinawaythatisunhealthy)inchildrenoflow-incomefamilies.Nowtheywillgivecoupons(赠券)amountingto$1adayforeachmemberofapatient’sfamilytopromotehealthymeals.“Alotofthesekidshaveaverylimitedrangeoffruitsandvegetablesthatareacceptableandfamiliartothem.Potentially,theywilltrymore,”saidDr.SukiTepperberg,afamilyphysicianatCodmanSquareHealthCenterinDorchester,oneoftheprogramsites.“Thegoalistogetthemtoincreasetheirconsumptionoffruitandvegetablesbyoneservingaday.”Theeffortmayalsohelpfarmers’marketscompetewithfast-foodrestaurantssellingdollarvaluemeals.Farmers’marketsdomorethan$1billioninannualsalesintheUnitedStates,accordingtotheAgricultureDepartment.Massachusettswasoneofthefirststatestopromotethesemarketsashubsofpreventivehealth.Inthe1980s,forexample,thestatebeganissuingcouponsforfarmers’marketstolow-incomewomenwhowerepregnantorbreast-feedingorforyoungchildrenatriskformalnutrition(营养不良).Thirty-sixstatesnowhavesuchfarmers’marketnutritionprogramsaimedatwomenandyoungchildren.ThomasM.Menino,themayorofBoston,saidhebelievedthenewchildren’sprogram,inwhichdoctorswritevegetable“prescriptions”tobefilledatfarmers’markets,wasthefirstofitskind.Doctorswilltrackparticipantstodeterminehowtheprogramaffectstheireatingpatternsandtomonitorhealthindicatorslikeweightandbodymassindex,hesaid.“WhenIgotoworkinthemorning,Iseekidsstandingatthebusstopeatingchipsanddrinkingasoda,”Mr.Meninosaidinaphoneinterviewearlierthisweek.“Ihopethiswillhelpthemchangetheireatinghabitsandleadtoahealthierlifestyle.”Themayor’sattentiontohealthyeatingdatestohisdaysasacitycouncilman.Mostrecentlyhehasappointedawell-knownchefasafoodpolicydirectortopromotelocalfoodsinpublicschoolsandtofostermarketgardensinthecity.Althoughobesityisacomplexproblemunlikelytobesolvedjustbyeatingmorevegetables,supportersofthevegetablecouponprogramhopethatphysicianinterventionwillspuryoungpeopletoadoptthekindofbehavioralchangesthatcanhelppreventlifelongobesity.ChildhoodobesityintheUnitedStatescosts$14.1billionannuallyindirecthealthexpenseslikeprescriptiondrugsandvisitstodoctorsandemergencyrooms,accordingtoarecentarticleontheeconomicsofchildhoodobesitypublishedinthejournalHealthAffairs.Treatingobesity-relatedillnessinadultscostsanestimated$147billionannually,thearticlesaid.Althoughthevegetableprescriptionpilotprojectissmall,itssupportersseeitasamodelforencouragingobesechildrenandtheirfamiliestoincreasethevolumeandvarietyoffreshproducetheyeat.“Canwehelppeopleinlow-incomeareas,whoshopinthecenterofsupermarketsforlow-costempty-caloriefood,toshopatfarmers’marketsbymakingfruitandvegetablesmoreaffordable?”saidGusSchumacher,thechairmanofWholesomeWave,ano