搜索
名词性从句•NounClauses名词性从句定义：名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句，可以表示：事实和问题。从属连词有词义，但不做成分that（无词义）,whether,if（是否）asif/asthough(好像)连接代词有词义，做主，宾，表，定语成分what,who,whom,whose,which,whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词有词义，做状语成分when,where,how,why名词性从句名词性从句分类SubjectClause(主语从句)ObjectClause（宾语从句）PredicativeClause（表语从句）AppositiveClause（同位语从句）名词性从句主语从句：用作主语的从句叫主语从句。1.从属连词：that，whether1）that引导主语从句只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，that本身无实际意义，但不能省略。Thatweshallbelateiscertain.Thatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscarwasobvious.一名词性从句在一般情况下，往往使用先行it结构，即用it作形式主语，而把that从句放到后面。Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.=Thatweshallbelateiscertain.Itwasobviousthatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscar.=Thatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscarwasobvious.【注意】名词性从句It’possible/important/necessary/clear…that……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…It’said/reported…that…据说/据报道…It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat…已经通知/宣布…Itseems/appears/happens..that…显然、明显、碰巧…It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑…It作形式主语的常见句型：名词性从句2)whether意为“是否”，但不能用if.Whetheritwilldousharmremainstobeseen.是否对我们有害还要看一看。Whethertheywouldsupportuswasaproblem.他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。名词性从句2.用what、which、who、where、whatever、whichever、whoever、wherever等代词引导的主语从句。此类主语从句语序为陈述语序，既有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分。Whichsidewillwinisnotclear.Whokilledthescientistremainsaquestion.Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.Whateverhedidisright.名词性从句what引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定主句动词的单复数形式。whatheneedsisthatbook.whatheneedsaresomebooks.【注意】名词性从句宾语从句：在句中充当宾语成分。1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，不作任何成分，可以省略。Shesays(that)shewon’ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.表达陈述观点或意见的动词：say,think,believe,feel,suggest,advise,know,wish,hope,report,state,declare,see,find，notice，agree,admit,expect,explain等。二名词性从句在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。I’msorry(that)Idon’tknow.We’resure(that)ourteamwillwin.【注意】名词性从句当it作形式宾语，后接that引导的宾语从句时，此时that不可以省略。Wehavemadeitclearthatwewilllearntodealwithvariousdifficultproblems.我们已经表明，我们将学会处理各种难题Wetookitforgrantedthattheywouldaccepttheproposal.我们想当然地以为他们会接受这个建议的。【注意】名词性从句2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导，译成“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略。Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrowthesebooks.名词性从句3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what,who,whom,which,whose）或连接副词（when,where,how,why，how）引导，在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idon’trememberwhenwearrived.IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.名词性从句how的词组所引导得宾语从句Couldyoutellushowmuch（多少钱）itcoststoflytoHainan?Couldyoutellushowoften（每隔多久，频率）yougoabroadforaholiday?Couldyoutellushowlong（持续多久）themeetingwilllast?Idon’tknowhowfar（距离多远）itistothecinema.Pleasetellushowmany（有多少，可数名词复数）studentsthereareinyourschool?Canyoutellushowold（多大，年龄）hisbrotheris?Pleasetellushowsoon（过多久，时间）youwillbeready.名词性从句4.宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分误：Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.正：Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.误：Canyoutellmewhoarewegoingtomeet?正：Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet?名词性从句表语从句：在一个复合句中其表语部分是一个句子。表语从句的构成：主语+系动词+引导词+简单句Thisiswhyhedidit.WhatIwanttosayisthatIamtired.连接词：that/whether/asif/asthough（if不引导表语从句)连接代词：who/whoever/which/whatever连接副词：when/where/why/how/because三名词性从句1.that用法1)that在表语从句中不担任句子成分，无实际意义，不能省略。Thetroubleisthathemisunderstoodme.麻烦的是他误解了我2)在表“建议，劝说，命令”的名词idea,suggestion,request,proposal等后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。Mysuggesstionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.名词性从句2.whether在表语从句中表“是否”,但不充当句子的成分，不可省略。If不能引导表语从句。Whatthedoctorreallydoubtsiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.名词性从句3.asif,asthough引导的表语从句：常置于连系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面，翻译“好像”。Itsoundsasif/asthoughsomebodywasknockingatthedoor.【注意】asif/asthough引导的表语从句如果是事实，就用陈述语气，如果与事实不符，就用虚拟语气(主句一般现在时从句就用过去式，be的话变成were。主句是过去式，从句用过去完成时)。Itlooksasifhewereherownfather.(与事实不符)Darkcloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.名词性从句【练习】Thereasonwhywedidn'ttrusthimis_____hehasoftenlied．【注意】reason做主语时，表语从句只能用that引导,不能用why或because引导。句型结构为：Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat….Thereasonisthat……他早上来晚的原因是他晚了一分钟而没赶上火车。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning名词性从句同位语从句：在句中充当同位语成分。1.that引导的同位语从句一般跟在fact,feeling,idea,news,hope,belief,thought,truth,doubt,suggestion,warning,reason,question,decision等名词的后面，补充说明这些名词的具体内容或含义，在逻辑上表现为同位关系。that通常不省略。Ihadnoideathatyourparentswereopposedtomyvisit.我不知道你的父母反对我来访。Thenewsthatourwomenvolleyballteamhadwonthechampionshipencouragedusallgreatly.我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。四名词性从句2.代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语，同时兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词。IoweittoyouthatIamstillalive.幸亏你，我现在还活着。Youmustseetoitthatthechildrendon'tcatchcold.你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。名词性从句3.同位语从句也可由how,what,whether（不可用if)等连接词引导。HehadnoideawhataremarkablewomanMaggieis.他不知道玛吉是个多么出色的女人。ThereissomedoubtwhetherJohnwillcomeontime.对约翰是否会准时到有一些怀疑。【注意】1）在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在nodoubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。Wehavesomedoubtwhethertheycancompletethetaskontime.我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。ThereisnodoubtthatZhangWeiwillkeephispromise.我们相信张卫会守信的。名词性从句名词性从句常见考点1.名词性从句的陈述语序。2.that与whether的区别。3.what与that的用法区别。4.whether与if的用法区别。5.Whoever,whatever,whichever与nomatterwho,nomatterwhat,nomatterwhich的区别。五名词性从句考点一：名词性从句必须是陈述语序。1.Canyoutellmehowma