英语演讲选修课chapter 2 topic

Chapter2SelectingatopicandpurposeToday’sscheduleChoosingatopicDeterminingthepurposeTipsforformulatingthespecificpurposePhrasingthecentralideaSelectingatopicSpeechesoutsidetheclassroomtheoccasion,theaudience,thespeaker’squalificationsSpeechesinthepublicspeakingclassnodesignatedtopicWhatisasuitablespeechtopic?WorthwhileAppropriateLimitedinscopeSuitabletopicWorthwhilesignificantimplicationsfortheaudienceAppropriateknowalot,liketolearnmoreLimitedinscopedividingthetopicintoseveralsignificantparts.DeterminingyourpurposeGeneralpurpose:thebroadgoal总体目标Toinform:conveyinformationenhancetheknowledgeandunderstandingTopersuade:advocateorpartisanChangeorstructuretheattitudesoractionsDifference:explainorexhortSpecificpurpose具体目标toinformmyaudienceabout…topersuademyaudienceto…Explain←→exhortSpecificPurposeSpecificpurpose:(singleinfinitivephrasethatstatespreciselywhataspeakerhopestoaccomplishinhisorherspeech.).简单的肯定句Topic:EmergenciesGeneralpurpose:ToinformSpecificpurpose:ToinformmyaudienceofthemajorstepsinrespondingtoanemergencyTipsforformulatingthespecificpurposestatementTip1:Writethepurposestatementasafullinfinitivephrase(完整的短语）,notasafragment（片段）CalendarsToinformmyaudienceaboutthethreemajorkindsofcalendarsusedintheworldtoday.历法主要分为阳历、阴历和阴阳历三种。阳历亦即太阳历，主要根据地球绕太阳一周为一年，现时国际通用的公历（格里历）即为阳历的一种，亦简称为阳历；阴历亦称月亮历，主要根据月亮绕地球运行一周时间为一个月（29.59059天），大月30天，小月29天，一年12个月354天或355天，伊斯兰历即为阴历的一种；阴阳历以月亮绕地球一周为1个月，但设置闰月，使得一年的平均天数与太阳年的天数相符，因此这种历法与月相相符，也与地球绕太阳周期运动相符合。农历就是阴阳历的一种。Tip2Expressyourpurposeasastatement,notasaquestion陈述句•Ineffective:IsChina’sspaceprogramnecessary?Moreeffective:TopersuademyaudiencethatChina’sspaceprogramprovidesmanyimportantbenefitstopeoplehereonearth.Tip3Avoidfigurativelanguage比喻语言Toinformmyaudiencethatyogaisextremelycool.Toinformmyaudiencehowyogacanimprovetheirhealth.Tip4Limityourpurposestatementtoonedistinctidea,oronemainpoint•Ineffective:ToinformmyaudienceaboutthedevelopmentsofAIDSandtherecenttestingproceduresforHIVinfection.•Moreeffective:TopersuademyaudienceaboutthedevelopmentsofAIDS.ToinformmyaudienceabouttherecenttestingproceduresforHIVinfection.Tip5MakesureyourspecificpurposeisnottoovagueorgeneralExampleIneffective:Topersuademyaudiencethatsomethingmustbedoneaboutmedicalcare.MoreEffective:TopersuademyaudiencethatthegovernmentshouldadoptasystemofnationalhealthinsuranceforallpeopleinChina.QuestionstoaskaboutyourspecificpurposeDoesmypurposemeettheassignment?CanIaccomplishmypurposeinthetimeallotted?Isthepurposerelevanttomyaudience?Isthepurposetootrivialformyaudience?Isthepurposetootechnicalformyaudience?Phrasingthecentralidea(Alsocalledthesisstatement,subjectsentence,majorthought)Whatisthecentralidea?GuidelinesforthecentralideaWhatisthecentralidea?Aone-sentencestatementthatsumsupthemajorideasofaspeech.Itiswhatyouwanttheaudiencetoabsorbfromyourspeech.Inpersuasivespeechesarguable,debatable,takeyourstanceIninformativespeechesrelativelyneutralandobjectiveThespecificpurposeofaspeechiswhatyouhopetoaccomplish.Thecentralideaisaconcisestatementofwhatyouexpecttosay.ExampleOneTopic:EmergenciesGeneralpurpose:ToinformSpecificpurpose:Toinformmyaudienceofthemajorstepsinrespondingtoanemergency.Centralidea:Themajorstepsinrespondingtoanemergencyaresurveyingthescene,contactinganemergencymedicalservice,andstartingCPRifneeded.ExampleTwoTopic:Alternative-fuelvehiclesGeneralpurpose:TopersuadeSpecificpurpose:Topersuademyaudiencethatthegovernmentshouldspeedupeffortstodevelopalternative-fuelvehicles.Centralidea:Developingalternative-fuelvehicleswillhelpreduceChina’sdependenceonforeignoilandwillhelpreduceairpollution.GuidelinesforthecentralideaThecentralidea1.Shouldbeexpressedinafullsentence2.shouldnotbeintheformofaquestion.3.shouldavoidfigurativelanguage4.shouldnotbevagueoroverlygeneralExercises:thecentralideaIneffective:ProblemsoffaddietsIneffective:Maldivesisanawesomeplaceforavacation.MoreeffectiveonesAlthoughfaddietsproducequickweightloss,theycanleadtoseriousproblemsbycreatingdeficienciesinvitaminsandmineralsandbybreakingdownmuscletissueaswellasfat.Maldiveshasmanyattractionsforvocations,includingawarmclimate,excellentfood,andmanyhistoricalsitesSummarySelectingatopicDeterminingyourgeneralpurposeDeterminingyourspecificpurposePhrasingyourcentralideaFourbrainstormingproceduresMakeaquickinventoryofyourhobbies,interests,skills,experiences,beliefs,andsoforth.Usethetechniqueofclusteringandwritedownonasheetofpaperthefirsttopicsthatcometomindinseveralcategories.LookthroughareferenceworkforideasUseaWorldWideWebsubjectdirectorysuchasYahootohelpyouscanpossibletopic.Thankyouverymuchforyourattention!