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TheTranslationofProfessionalTermsinEnglishGrammar英语语法中专业术语的翻译词类partsofspeech实词notionalwordnounpronounverbadjectiveadverbnumeral虚词formwordarticleprepositionconjunctioninterjection名词noun缩写n.☆普通名词commonnoun(集体名词collectivenoun/个体名词individualnoun物质名词materialnoun/抽象名词abstractnoun)☆专有名词propernoun☆可数名词countablenoun不可数名词uncountablenoun☆单数singularnumber复数pluralnumber☆名词的格caseofnoun主格nominativecase宾格objectivecase所有格possessivecase名词所有格thepossessivecaseofnouns☆冠词article缩写art.定冠词definitearticle不定冠词indefinitearticle☆数词numeral缩写num.基数词cardinalnumeral序数词ordinalnumeral连词conjunction缩写conj.☆并列连词coordinatingconjunction从属连词subordinatingconjunction☆简单连词simpleconjunction☆关连连词correlativeconjunction☆分词连词participleconjunction☆短语连词phrasalconjunction感叹词interjection缩写int.代词pronoun缩写pron.☆人称代词personalpronoun☆物主代词possessivepronounnominalpossessivepronoun名词性物主代词adjectialpossessivepronoun形容词性物主代词☆反身代词reflexivepronoun☆相互代词reciprocalpronouneg:eachother☆指示代词demonstrativepronoun☆疑问代词interrogativepronoun☆关系代词relativepronoun☆不定代词indefinitepronouneg:somesomething……介词preposition缩写prep.☆简单介词simplepreposition☆复合介词compoundpreposition☆二重介词doublepreposition☆短语介词phrasalpreposition☆分词介词participlepreposition☆介词短语prepositionalphrase形容词adjective缩写adj.☆比较等级degreesofcomparison☆原级positivedegree☆比较级comparativedegree☆最高级superlativedegree副词adverb缩写adv.频度副词adverboffrenquency方式副词adverbofmanner时间副词adverboftime地点副词adverbofplace程度副词adverbofdegree疑问副词interrogativeadverb关系副词relativeadverb连接副词conjunctiveadverb动词verb//缩写v.☆限定动词finiteverb非限定动词non-finiteformsoftheverb(动词不定式infinitive/动名词gerund/‘dʒerənd//分词participle/现在分词presentparticiple过去分词pastparticiple独立结构absoluteconstruction)☆实义动词notionalverb连系动词linkverb情态动词modalverb助动词auxiliaryverb使役动词causativeverb感官动词verbofsenses动态动词eventverb静态动词stateverb☆及物动词transitiveverb不及物动词intransitiveverb☆规则动词regularverb不规则动词irregularverb☆动词短语phrasalverb动词的基本形式principalformsoftheverb动词原形baseformoftheverb过去式pasttenseform动词regularverb不规则动词irregularverb过去分词pastparticiple现在分词presentparticiple时态tense形式form单数形式singularform复数形式pluralform限定动词finiteverbform非限定动词non-finiteverbform句子sentence句子成分membersofthesentence☆主语subject同位语appositive☆谓语predicate['predikit]谓语动词predicateverb☆表语predicative['predikeitiv]定语attribute宾语objective双宾语dualobject直接宾语directobject间接宾语indirectobject复合宾语complexobject同源宾语cognateobject☆状语adverbial插入语parenthesis☆补语complement主语补足语subjectcomplement宾语补足语objectcomplement句子的独立成分independentelementsofthesentence句子的分类classificationofthesentence简单句simplesentence并列句compoundsentence复合句complexsentence并列复合句compoundcomplexsentence陈述句declarativesentence(肯定positivesentence否定negativesentence)祈使句imperativesentence感叹句exclamatorysentence疑问句interrogativesentence一般疑问句generalquestion特殊疑问句specialquestion选择疑问句alternativequestion反义疑问句disjunctivequestion附加疑问句tagquestion修辞疑问句rhetoricalquestion感叹疑问句exclamatoryquestion存在句existentialsentence省略句ellipticalsentence基本句型basicsentencepattern并列句和复合句compoundsentenceandcomplexsentence关联词connective从句clause从属句subordinateclause并列句coordinateclause☆名词从句nominalclause主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectiveclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句oppositiveclause☆定语从句attributiveclause限制性定语从句restrictiveattributiveClause非限制性定语从句non-restrictiveattributiveClause状语从句adverbialclause时间状语从句adverbialclauseoftime地点状语从句adverbialclauseofplace原因状语从句adverbialclauseofcause条件状语从句adverbialclauseofcondition结果状语从句adverbialclauseofresult目的状语从句adverbialclauseofpurpose方式状语从句adverbialclausemanner让步状语从句adverbialclauseconcession程度状语从句adverbialclausedegree比较状语从句adverbialclausecomparison真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofrealcondition非真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofunrealcondition含蓄条件句adverbialclauseofimpliedcondition错综条件句adverbialclauseofmixedcondition句法关系syntacticrelationship并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction数number单数形式singularform复数形式pluralform规则形式regularform不规则形式irregularform格case普通格commoncase所有格possessivecase主格nominativecase宾格objectivecase性gender阳性masculine阴性feminine通性common中性neuter人称person第一人称firstperson第二人称secondperson第三人称thirdperson时态tense时态tense☆时间time☆方面aspect☆一般时态simpletense一般现在时simplepresenttense一般过去时simplepasttense一般将来时simplefuturetense一般过去将来时simplepastfuturetense☆进行时态progressivetense现在进行时presentprogressivetense过去进行时pastprogressivetense将来进行时futureprogressivetense过去将来进行时pastfutureprogressivetense☆完成时态perfecttense现在完成时presentperfecttense过去完成时pastperfecttense将来完成时futureperfecttense☆完成进行时态perfectprogressivetense过去将来完成时pastfutureperfecttense现在完成进行时presentperfectprogressivetense过去完成进行时pastperfectprogressivetense☆时态一致sequenceoftenses☆语态voice主动语态activevoice被动语态passivevoice☆语气mood陈述语气indicativemood祈使语气imperativemood虚拟语气subjunctivemood☆否定negation否定范围scopeofnegation全部否定fullnegation局部否定partialnegation转移否定shiftofnegation☆语序order自然语序naturalorder倒装语序inversion全部倒装fullinversion部分倒装partialinversion直接引语directspeech间接引语indirectspeech自由直接引语freedirectspeech自由间接引语freeindirectspeech☆一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicateagreement语法一致grammaticalagreement概念一致notionalagreement就近原则principleofproximity强调emphasis重复repe