Unit5QuotationandOffer报价和发盘目的:掌握发盘的基本约束,以及如何进行报价和发盘的信函书写。2whatisanoffer?在国际贸易中,发盘(Offer)又称发价,在法律上又称“要约”,是指买方或卖方向对方提出的各项交易条件。发盘通常是一方收到对方的询盘之后所提出的,但也可不经过对方询盘而主动向对方提出。offern.makesb.anofferon/for“向某人就某物报盘”e.g.Wearepleasedtomakeyouourofferfor/onblacktea.Wearepleasedtohavereceivedyourofferformen’sshirts.我方很高兴收到你方男式衬衫的报盘。•offerv.“提出某事物供考虑、接受或拒绝”,引:报盘e.g.Pleaseofferus100metrictonsofxxxx.Wewilladviseyouonceweareinapositiontooffer.一俟我们能报盘,当即告知你方。以下是有关报盘的常用语:为某商品向某人报盘makesomebodyanofferfor/onsomethingsendsomebodyanofferfor/onsomethinggivesomebodyanofferfor/onsomethingsubmitsomebodyanofferfor/onsomethingforwardsomebodyanofferfor/onsomethingcablesomebodyanofferfor/onsomethingtelexsomebodyanofferfor/onsomething5toacceptoffer;接受报盘toconfirmoffer;确认报盘todeclineoffer;拒绝报盘toentertainoffer;考虑报盘toextendoffer;延长报盘towithdrawoffer;撤回报盘tocanceloffer撤销报盘6传统意义上的quotation(报价)与offer(报盘)是有区别的。前者往往只含有商品、价格、数量,而后者应包括商品名称、规格、价格、数量、包装、装运、支付等七项内容。现在用offer取代quotation的用法越来越多。Commodity品名Specifications规格Quantity数量Unitprice单价Packing包装Shipment装运Payment支付7Therearetwokindsofoffers.Oneisfirmoffer,theotherisnon-firmofferorofferwithoutengagement.8在实际业务中,当发盘针对一个或几个特定的受盘人明示或暗示发盘人在明确、完整和最终的条件下订立合同的明确意图时,该盘就为实盘。受盘人一旦在发盘的有效期内有效地表示接受,这个实盘就为不可撤销,并会对发盘人和受盘人双方产生约束力。待有效期一过,此报盘即失效,发票人不再承担报盘中规定的义务,此时受盘人即使想接受,发票人也有权拒绝成交。因此,实盘又称为“有约束力的发盘”。报实盘时必须注意以下三点:(1)发盘必须注明是实盘。(2)发盘必须明确、清楚、完整、具有最终效力并列出所有的主要交易条件。(3)发盘必须注明有效期。9Thefirmoffersareusuallyexpressedbythefollowingpatterns:Thisofferissubjecttoyourreplyreachinghereonorbefore19thOctober.该报盘10月19日之前复到有效Thisofferissubjecttoreplyby10a.m.ourtime,Wednesday,October3.该报盘以我方时间10月3日星期三上午10时以前答复为有效。Weofferyoufirmsubjecttoyourreplyherewithinoneweekfromtoday.以自本日起一周之内你方复到为准。Thisofferis(remains,iskept,isheld)firm(valid,open,good,effective)for5days.本报盘5日内有效Thisofferissubjecttoyouracceptancewithintwoweeks.本报盘2周内有效Wecankeeptheofferuntil…本报盘…前有效。10虚盘(non-firmoffer),也称不受约束的发价(offerwithoutengagement/freeoffer)。在报盘时,为了掌握主动常带有附加条件。虚盘是发盘人有保留地表示愿意按一定条件达成交易,不受发盘内容约束,也不做任何承诺,任何时候都可以改变、修改甚至取消。虚盘不必有完整的内容,没有时限的规定,而且也不明确不肯定。一般都注明“仅供参考”或“以我方最后确认为准”等字样。因此,虚盘是不受约束的、试探性的报价,其目的在于了解顾客,了解市场。11Thenon-firmoffersareusuallyexpressedbythefollowingpatterns:Theofferissubjecttochangewithoutnotice.我方报价如有变更,不另通知。Theofferissubjecttoourfinalconfirmation.该盘以我方最后确认为条件。Theofferissubjecttogoodsbeingunsold.该盘以货物未售出为条件。Theofferissubjecttoourwrittenacceptance.该盘以我方书面接受为准。Theofferissubjecttoshippingspaceavailable.该盘以有舱位为准。完整的报价和发盘应包括以下内容:(1)对询价表示感谢。(2)提供所要求的所有信息,如价格、折扣及付款条件等细节。(3)对交货期或装运期的承诺。(4)如为实盘,应注明有效期。(5)希望对方接受报价订购货物。13常用句型句型1:感谢对方的来函(1)5月2日函悉,按你方要求,我们作如下发盘,以我方最后确认为主。We’vereceivedyourletterofMay2,andasrequested,weareofferingyouthefollowingsubjectstoourfinalconfirmation.(2)感谢你方5月10号来函寻购500吨苹果。WethankyouforyourenquiryofMay10for500tonsofapples.14常用句型(3)为复你方500吨苹果的询盘,我们特向你方发盘如下:Inreplytoyourenquiryforapples,weofferyou500tonsofapplesasfollows:15常用句型句型2报价(报盘)(1)我们向你方报50吨冻鱼,每吨500美元CIF欧洲主要港口。Weofferyou5tonsFrozenFishatUSD500pertonCIFEMP.(2)我们现向你方报500打男式衬衫,每打80美元,CIFC5旧金山,5月装运。Wearemakingyouanofferfor500dozenMen’sShirtatUSD80percentCIFC5SanFranciscoforshipmentinMay.16常用句型(3)我们现向你方报500辆好孩子牌自行车,每辆35美元CIF纽约,7月装运,此报盘以你方5月5日前复到为有效。Weoffer,subjecttoyourreplyreachinghereonorbeforeMay5th,500GoodBabyBrandBicyclesatUSD35percentCIFNewYorkforshipmentinJuly.17常用句型句型3支付条款(1)付款方式以不可撤销即期信用证支付,并以我方为受益人。PaymentistobemadebyirrevocableL/Catsighttobeopenedinourfavor.(2)我们要求以不可撤销信用证凭即期汇票支付,在装运前30天开出。WerequirepaymentbyirrevocableL/Cpayablebydraftatsighttobeopened30daysbeforethetimeofshipment.18常用句型(3)我们支付方式是保兑的,不可撤销即期信用证,凭全套装运单据支付。Ourtermsofpaymentarebyconfirmed,irrevocableL/Cpayableatsightagainstpresentationofshippingdocuments.19常用句型句型4装运1、这笔订货在5月装运。Shipmentistobemade/effectedin/duringMay.2、我们将在收到你方信用证后30天内装运,但具体的时间要在收到你方的正式订单后再定。Wewilldeliverthegoodswithin30daysafter/uponreceiptofyourL/Cbutspecifictimeistobefixeduponreceiptofyourofficialorder.3、货物将在收到你方相关的信用证后3个月内装运。Thegoodswillbeshippedwithin3monthsuponreceiptofyourrelativeL/C.20常用句型句型5:发盘有效期1、本盘有效期为3天。Thisofferisvalidfor3days.2、本发盘以我方最后确认为准。Theofferissubjecttoourfinalconfirmation.3、本发盘以你方5月23日前复到为有效。TheofferissubjecttothereplyreachingherebeforeofMay23.4、以未出售为有效。Subjecttobeingunsold/topriorsale.21priorto在…以前;先于;优先于shevisitedmeonthedaypriortoherdeath.她去世的前一天还来看我。previous:指时间上、顺序上较早的,或指正在谈论的某事的前一个。thepreviousweekforegoing:指前所述的,是following的反义词。preceding:特指时间和地位上紧接在前。Eachgenerationsurpassestheprecedingone.5.3SpecimenLetters(样函)Letter1:RequestforquotationforcrockeryDearSirs,Youhavepreviouslysupplieduswithcrockeryandweshouldbeobliged1ifyouwouldnowquoteCIFSanFranciscofortheitemsnamedbelow.Thepatternwerequireislistedinyour2004catalogueasNo.8.500TeacupsandSaucers,200TeaPlates,1002-pintTea-potsWhenreplying,pleasestate:(1)discounts2allowable,(2)termsofpayment,and(3)earliestpossibledateofdelivery3.Trulyyours,FredJacksonPintn.品脱;一品脱的量器或容器;一品脱容器的东西apintofmilk...Let'sgooutforapintLetter2:Exporter’squotationDearMs.Chen,Thankyouforyourletterof5thApril,requestingforafurthersupplyofourcrockery4,wearepleasedtoquoteasfollows:Teacups……………….