张同德大学英语语法培训:三、完全及物动词(第二版)

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2013-11-24制作/主讲:张同德东华理工大学三、完全及物动词使用“完全及物动词”的句子,“主语”是发出该动作的人或物,必须要有另一人或物来接受此动作,也就是要有“宾语”,才能使句意完整。通用句型为:主语+完全及物动词+宾语2013-11-24制作/主讲:张同德东华理工大学句型1.以名词/代词作宾语句型2.以动名词作宾语句型3.以不定式作宾语句型4.以名词性短语(wh-疑问词+不定式)作宾语句型5.以名词性从句作宾语2013-11-24制作/主讲:张同德东华理工大学句型1.以名词/代词作宾语几乎所有的“完全及物动词”都可以以名词或代词作宾语,但要注意,如果主语和宾语是同一个人或物时,宾语要用反身代词。例:SheisteachingherselfEnglish.她在自学英语。2013-11-24制作/主讲:张同德东华理工大学句型2:以动名词作宾语有的“完全及物动词”如果接某个动作当“宾语”,则必须用“动名词”,需要掌握的这类动词有:Admit,avoid,advise,allow,anticipate,appreciate,consider,delay,deny,dislike,dread,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy,quit,finish,imagine,involve,mind,miss,permit,postpone,practice,prevent,propose,stop(后接动名词和不定式,意义不同),recall,recollect,resent,resist,risk,suggestIhavethepowertosuggestbooksformystudents.2013-11-24制作/主讲:张同德东华理工大学句型3:以不定式作宾语这一类动词往往表示请求、要求、选择、决定、打算、企图等Afford,agree,attempt,beg,begin,bother,choose,claim,consent,decide,determine,desire,endeavor,expect,fail,hate,hesitate,intend,learn,manage,neglect,offer,plan,pledge,prefer,prepare,pretend,refuse,resolve,threaten,venture,volunteer,afford,promise,tend2013-11-24制作/主讲:张同德东华理工大学下列动词既可接不定式,也可接动名词,但表示的意义不同。不定式一般表示事情尚未发生;而动名词则表示事情已经发生于这些动词之前。1.remembertodosth.记得将要去做某事rememberdoingsth.记得已经做过某事Pleaseremembertotakethemedicine.(还没吃)Iremembertakingthemedicine.(已经吃过)2.forgettodosth.忘记了该做的事情forgetdoingsth.忘记了已经做过了的事情Iforgottomailtheletter.(没有发信)Iforgotmailingtheletter.(忘记曾经发过信)2013-11-24制作/主讲:张同德东华理工大学3.stop/ceasetodosth.停止手中的事去做另一件事Stop/ceasedoingsth.停止正在做的事情Westoppedtohavearest.Ireallymuststopsmoking.4.goontodosth.继续做另一件事情goondoingsth.继续作正在做的事Thepresidentwelcomedthenewstudentsandthenwentontoexplainthecollegeregulations.Peterwentonsleepingdespitethenoiseoutside.2013-11-24制作/主讲:张同德东华理工大学5.trytodosth.努力,试图去做某事trydoingsth.尝试,试着做某事Hetriedtoclimbthetree,buthefailed.他试图爬上树,可爬不上去。Shetriedcookingthemeatinwineinsteadofwater.她曾试验把肉用酒煮而不用水煮。2013-11-24制作/主讲:张同德东华理工大学6.meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事Idon’tmeantoberude,butcouldyoustopsmoking?Jumpingfromjobtojobmeanslosingsomebenefit.7.regrettodosth.对某事感到遗憾regretdoingsth.后悔做过某事Iregrettotellyouthatyoufailedthetest.Iregretlendinghimsomuchmoney.Heneverpaidmeback.2013-11-24制作/主讲:张同德东华理工大学句型4:以名词短语(WH疑问词+不定式短语)作宾语WH疑问词(who,what,which,where,how,when等,一般不用why)后接不定式构成名词短语,可以充作完全及物动词的宾语。例Canyoutellmewheretofindhim?I’lltellyouwhyIaskedyoutocome.2013-11-24制作/主讲:张同德东华理工大学注意两点:1、以疑问代词who/what/which引导的名词短语,这些疑问词本身就是作不定式意义上的宾语,因此该不定式中动词应该是及物性的或不及物性+介词。Idon’tknowwhomtorelyon.Hecouldn’tdecidewhichtochoose.2、以疑问副词when/where/how引导的名词短语,这些疑问词本身是副词,因此该不定式中的动词若是及物动词,需有宾语,否则就应该用不及物动词。Idon’tknowwheretoenjoymyself.Idon’trememberhowtodoit.2013-11-24制作/主讲:张同德东华理工大学句型5:以名词从句作宾语主要有三种形式1、宾语从句2、wh-疑问词引导的从句3、if/whether+陈述句Noonewouldeverimaginethatheresignedhisjob.Tellmewhathappenedlastnight.Sheaskedwhetherwewouldattendthemeeting.Idoubtwhetherhewillsucceed.及物动词所接的宾语结构分类一、具有“夺取”“剥夺”意义的动词此类结构为“夺取性动词+夺取的范围+of+被夺取的事物”路人甲抢走了他的钱包。Astrangerrobbedhimofhiswallet.他把海上的强盗一扫而光。Heclearedtheseaofpirates.对生活前景的悲观使我们丧失了祥和与安逸。Beinggloomyaboutourlifeprospectsdeprivedusofpeaceandcomfort.2013-11-24制作/主讲:张同德东华理工大学读书的习惯使我不再耽于幻想了。Thehabitofreadingbookscuredmeofmyoldfancies.国王剥夺了他的所有荣誉。Thekingstrippedhimofallhishonors.她生病之后便给解除了许多职责。Afterherillness,shewasdivestedofmuchofherresponsibility.2013-11-24制作/主讲:张同德东华理工大学他忘不了过去痛苦的回忆。Hecouldnotridhimselfofthepainfulmemories.你来了就省得我去麻烦写一封信了。Yourcomingrelievesmeofthebotherofwritingaletter.Economically/emotionally/sociallydeprived经济困难的/情感失落的/社会遗弃的2013-11-24制作/主讲:张同德东华理工大学二、具有“供给”意义的动词搭配Supplyhimwithmoney给他钱Loadacartwithstraw车上载草Filltheglasswithwater杯中装水Provideaschoolwithfacilities为学校提供设备Furnishthehousewithfurniture给房子添加家具Favormewithaninterview赐予接见I’vetrustedhimwithmylife.他是我托付终身的人。Onhisretirement,hisco-workerspresentedhimwithasetofgolfclubs.退休时,同事送他一套球杆。2013-11-24制作/主讲:张同德东华理工大学三、不把直接接受动作的人身上某一部分作为宾语而是把整个人当作受动对象,从大处着眼。他轻拍我的背。Hepattedmeontheback.他抓住我的胳膊。Heseizedmebythearm.他命在旦夕。Deathstaredhimintheface.她吻了他的面颊。Shekissedhimonhischeek.Remember,Son,don’tletotherpeopleleadyouaroundbythenose.You’llgetalongalotbetterinlifeifyouuseyourownjudgment.2013-11-24制作/主讲:张同德东华理工大学2013-11-24制作/主讲:张同德东华理工大学短文翻译练习天下事有难易乎?为之,则难者亦易矣;不为,则易者亦难矣。人之为学,有难易乎?学之,则难者亦易矣;不学,则易者亦难矣。蜀之鄙有二僧:其一贫,其一富。贫者语于富者曰:“吾欲之南海,何如?”富者曰:“子何恃而往?”曰:“吾一瓶一钵足矣。”富者曰:“吾数年来欲买舟而下,犹未能也。子何恃而往!”越明年,贫者自南海还,以告富者,富者有惭色。西蜀之去南海,不知几千里也。僧富者不能至,而贫者至焉。人之立志,顾不如蜀鄙之僧哉!Thereisnothingdifficultforustodointheworld.Thedifficultthingwillbeeasyifwedoit;butifwedon’t,theeasythingwillbedifficult.Thereisnothingdifficultforustolearn(or:Thisisthesamecaseinlearning).Ifwelearnit,thedifficultthingwillbeeasy;ifwedon't,theeasythingwillbedifficult.ThereoncelivedtwomonksinthewesternfrontierofSzechuan,onepoorandtheotherrich.Onedaythepoormonksaidtotherichone.“Iwant(havetheintentionofleavingfor)togotoNanhai,whatdoyouthink?”2013-11-24制作/主讲:张同德东华理工大学“Onwhatdoyoudependforgoingthere?”askedtherichmonk.“Abottleandabasinwillsufficeme,”answeredtheother.“Well,Ihavebeenmeaningtogotherebyboatformanyyears,butfailed.Howcouldyougowithoutany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