False Friends假对应

LOGOFalseFriendsDefinitionFalseFriendswhichoriginatesfromFrenchword“fauxamis”arepairsofwordsorphrasesintwolanguagesordialects(orlettersintwoalphabets)thatlookorsoundsimilar,butdiffersignificantlyinmeaning.AnexampleistheEnglishembarrassedandtheSpanishembarazada,whichmeanspregnant.CausesSharedetymology(similartocognatewords)IfLanguageAborrowedawordfromLanguageB,orbothborrowedthewordfromathirdlanguageorinheriteditfromacommonancestor,andlaterthewordshiftedinmeaningoracquiredadditionalmeaningsinatleastoneoftheselanguages,anativespeakerofonelanguagewillfaceafalsefriendwhenlearningtheother.CausesHomonyms(whentwowordsareidenticalbothinspellingandinsound,butdifferentinmeaning)E.gdeadpresident-美钞（上印有总统头像）（并非“死了的总统”）Servivestation(加油站)（而不是服务站Whiteman(忠实可靠的人)（不是皮肤白的人）Chinapolicy(对华政策)（而不是中国政策）Blackart(妖术)（而不是黑色艺术）Greenhand（新手）（而不是绿手）Greekgift(害人的礼物)（而不是希腊的礼物）CausesSemanticchange(wideningofmeaning/Narrowingofmeaning)Inbilingualsituations,duetodifferentcultures,falsefriendsoftenresultinasemanticchange—arealnewmeaningthatisthencommonlyusedinalanguage.E.g.Cornwasoriginallythedominanttypeofgraininaregion(indeedcornandgrainarethemselvescognatesfromthesameIndo-Europeanroot).ItcametomeanusuallycerealsingeneralintheBritishIslesinthenineteenthcenturye.g.Cornlaws,butmaizeinNorthAmerica,andnowjustmaizealsointheBritishIsles.SemanticchangewordNarrowingofworddeeranyanimalaparticularkindofanimalmeatFoodediblepartofananimalSemanticchangewordWideningofwordholidayholydayanyrestdayhorsehorseanyanimalFalseFriendsinTranslationFalsefriendsatlexicallevel(Vocabulary)•lover情人（不是“爱人”）•busboy餐馆勤杂工（不是“公汽售票员”）•busybody爱管闲事的人（不是“大忙人”）•drygoods（美）纺织品；（英）谷物（不是“干货”）sweetwater淡水（不是“糖水”或“甜水”）capitalidea好主意（不是“资本主义思想”）dressingroom化妆室（不是“试衣室”或“更衣室”-lockerroom）FalseFriendsinTranslationFalsefriendsinIdioms•makeone‘shairstandonend令人毛骨悚然—恐惧（不是“令人发指——气愤”）•betakenin受骗，上当（不是“被接纳”）•thinkagreatdealofoneself高看或看重自己（不是“为自己想得很多”）•pullupone‘ssocks鼓起勇气（不是“提上袜子”）•havethehearttodo（用于否定句）忍心做……不是“有心做”或“有意做”）FalseFriendsinTranslation•Lookout!当心！（不是“向外看”）•Whatashame!多可惜！真遗憾！（不是“多可耻”）•Youdon‘tsay!是吗！（不是“你别说”）•Youcansaythatagain!说得好！（不是“你可以再说一遍”）•Youcan‘tbetoocarefulinyourwork.你工作越仔细越好。（不是“你工作不能太仔细”）•Allhisfriendsdidnotturnup.他的朋友没全到。（不是“他的朋友全没到”）FalsefriendsinExpressionFalseFriendsinTranslationFalseFriendsinNegationConstruction1.Cannot...too/over....再怎么样也不为过，越...越...Icannotthankyoutoomuch.我无论怎么感谢你都是不够的Agreenhardcannotbetoocarefulinbuyingstocks.新手在玩股票时越谨慎越好2.never...but..每...必...Itneverrainsbutpours.不雨则已，一雨倾盆IneverthinkofsummerbutIthinkofchildhood.一想到夏天，我就会想起童年3.Nothingifnot....极其，非常Sheisnothingifnotpolite.她极其有礼貌Heisnothingifnotagentleman.他是一个很有教养的人。4.NotalittleShewasnotalittlesurprised.她很是吃惊5.Nomore...than同...一样不Theneweditionisnomoreexpensivethantheoldedition.旧版本和新版本都不算贵。Theneweditionisnotmoreexpensivethantheoldedition.新版本不比旧版本更贵。6.Noless...than同...一样Drunkendrivingisnolessthansuicideandkilling.酒驾无异于自杀和杀人。7.More...than/less...thanThechildismorefrightenedthanhurt.Thechildislesshurtthanfrightened.与其说这孩子受伤，倒不如说他受了惊吓。TheEnd