美国十大标志性建筑中英文介绍

美国十大标志性建筑1.TheEmpireStateBuildingTheEmpireStateBuildingisa102-storyArtDecoskyscraperinNewYorkCityattheintersectionofFifthAvenueandWest34thStreet.ItsnameisderivedfromthenicknameforthestateofNewYork.Itstoodastheworld'stallestbuildingformorethanfortyyears,fromitscompletionin1931untilconstructionoftheWorldTradeCenter'sNorthTowerwascompletedin1972.FollowingthedestructionoftheWorldTradeCenterin2001,theEmpireStateBuildingagainbecamethetallestbuildinginNewYorkCityandNewYorkState.TheEmpireStateBuildinghasbeennamedbytheAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineersasoneoftheSevenWondersoftheModernWorld.ThebuildinganditsstreetfloorinterioraredesignatedlandmarksoftheNewYorkCityLandmarksPreservationCommission,andconfirmedbytheNewYorkCityBoardofEstimate.[3]ItwasdesignatedasaNationalHistoricLandmarkin1986.In2007,itwasrankednumberoneontheListofAmerica'sFavoriteArchitectureaccordingtotheAIA.ThebuildingisownedandmanagedbyW&HProperties.2.纽约中央火车站（GrandCentralTerminal），纽约中央火车站位于美国曼哈顿中心，始建于1903年，1913年2月2日正式启用。纽约中央火车站是由美国铁路之王范德比尔特家族建造，是纽约著名的地标性建筑，也是一座公共艺术馆。它是世界上最大，美国最繁忙的火车站，同时它还是纽约铁路与地铁的交通中枢。3.MountRushmore拉什莫尔山MountRushmoreisamemorialtothebirth，growth，preservationanddevelopmentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.GutzonBorglumsculptedbustsofPresidentsGeorgeWashington，ThomasJefferson，TheodoreRoosevelt，andAbrahamLincolnhighintheBlackHillstorepresentthefirst150yearsofAmericanhistory.TheprimaryresourceatMountRushmoreisthegranitesculptureitself，butalsoofinterestistheSculptor'sStudiobuiltunderthedirectionofSculptorGutzonBorglumin1939.Uniqueplastermodelsandtoolsrelatedtothesculptingprocessaredisplayedinthestudio.4.TheWhiteHouseForalmosttwohundredyears,theWhiteHousehasstoodasasymbolofthePresidency,theUnitedStatesgovernment,andtheAmericanpeople.Itshistory,andthehistoryofthenation'scapital,beganwhenPresidentGeorgeWashingtonsignedanActofCongressinDecemberof1790declaringthatthefederalgovernmentwouldresideinadistrictnotexceedingtenmilessquare...ontheriverPotomac.PresidentWashington,togetherwithcityplannerPierreL'Enfant,chosethesiteforthenewresidence,whichisnow1600PennsylvaniaAvenue.Aspreparationsbeganforthenewfederalcity,acompetitionwasheldtofindabuilderofthePresident'sHouse.Nineproposalsweresubmitted,andIrish-bornarchitectJamesHobanwonagoldmedalforhispracticalandhandsomedesign.5.TheLibertyStatueItwastobeanothertwoyearsbeforeitcouldbeproperlyunveiled:moneyhadtobecollectedtofundtheconstructionofthebase,andforsomereasonAmericanswereunwilling-orunable-todipintotheirpockets.OnlythroughthecampaigningeffortsofnewspapermagnateJosephPulitzer,akeensupporterofthestatue,diditallcometogetherintheend.RichardMorrisHuntbuiltapedestalaroundtheexistingstar-shapedFortWood,andLibertywasformallydedicatedbyPresidentClevelandonOctober28,1886,inaflag-wavingshindigthathasneverreallystopped.Thestatuewasclosedforafewyearsinthemid-1980sforextensiverenovationand,in1986,fifteenmillionpeopledescendedonManhattanforthestatue'scentennialcelebrations.Thestatue,whichdepictsLibertythrowingoffhershacklesandholdingabeacontolighttheworld,wasthecreationoftheFrenchsculptorFrédéricAugusteBartholdi,whocrafteditahundredyearsaftertheAmericanRevolutioninrecognitionofsolidaritybetweentheFrenchandAmericanpeople(thoughit'sfairtoaddthatBartholdioriginallyintendedthestatueforAlexandriainEgypt).BartholdibuiltLibertyinParisbetween1874and1884,startingwithaterracottamodelandenlargingitthroughfoursuccessiveversionstoitspresentsize,aconstructionofthincoppersheetsboltedtogetherandsupportedbyanironframeworkdesignedbyGustaveEiffel.ThearmcarryingthetorchwasexhibitedinMadisonSquareParkforsevenyears,butthewholestatuewasn'tofficiallyacceptedonbehalfoftheAmericanpeopleuntil1884,afterwhichitwastakenapart,cratedupandshippedtoNewYork.Todayyoucanclimbstepsuptothecrown,butthecrampedstairwaythoughthetorchsadlyremainsclosedtothepublic.Don'tbesurprisedifthere'sanhour-longwaittoascend.Evenifthereis,LibertyPark'sviewsofthelowerManhattanskyline,thetwintowersoftheWorldTradeCenterlordingitoverthejuttingteethofNewYork'sfinancialquarter,arespectacularenough.6.WashingtonMonumentWashingtonMonumentTheMallsmostprominentfeature,theWashingtonMonumentisanunadornedmarbleobeliskbuiltinmemoryofGeorgeWashington.At555ftitsthetallestall-masonrystructureintheworld.Volunteersstartedworkonitin1848,butvariousinternalarguments,andlatertheCivilWar,sodisruptedconstructionthatitwasntcompleteduntil1884.WhentheUSGovernmenttookovertheprojectin1876,theyusedmarblefromaslightlydifferentsource;thetransitionlinewhereworkresumedatthe150ftlevelisreadilyapparent.Tovisitthemonumentpickupafreeticketfromthe15thStkiosk(ontheMall,southofConstitutionAve),whichallowsyoutoturnupatafixedtimelaterintheday.Theelevatoruptakesseventysecondsanddepositsyouatthe500ftlevelinordertoenjoythemonumentspanoramic360°viewsofthecity7.战争墙/越南阵亡将士纪念碑(theVietnamVeteransMemorial)，坐落在华盛顿特区。整个建筑由两面有黑色石头组成的V字造型组成，上面按照死亡日期和失踪年月刻满了在越战中失去的58000名美国士兵。曾有人批评建筑过于简单了，可它每年仍吸引着超过150万游客来参观。战争墙于1982年开放，是十大建筑中，最晚设计和建造的，建筑师是年仅21岁的耶鲁在校学生MayaLin。还有一个理由让我们记住这个华裔女孩，近代史上的大才女林徽因是她的姑姑，可算是出身建筑世家。越战纪念碑，简单利落的线条，敞开的大角度V，一端