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2020/1/231AmericanFlag2020/1/232StructureoftheUnitedStatesflagHistoryoftheUnitedStatesflagTheproductionoftheUnitedStatesflagTheUnitedStatesflaghangingmannerofreleaseAmericansoaththeU.S.Flagaroundus2020/1/233StructureoftheUnitedStatesflag•美国国旗是星条旗（theStar-SpangledBanner），旗面左上角为蓝色星区，区内共有9排50颗白色五角星，以一排6颗、一排5颗交错。星区以外是13道红白相间的条纹。50颗星代表美国50个州，13道代表最初北美13块殖民地。据华盛顿说：红色条纹象征英国，白色条纹象征脱离它而获得自由。更普遍的说法认为，红色象征勇气，白色象征自由，蓝色则象征忠诚和正义。2020/1/234HistoryoftheUnitedStatesflag--1Nationalflagsarenotmerelysymbolsofacountry.Theircolorsanddesignsconveypasthistoryandfuturegoals.Flagshavepowerfulconnotations（内涵）.Theyspeaktothepeopleandpoliticians.Peopleofonecountrywillburntheflagofanotherwithwhosepoliticstheydonotagree.Toshowtheiranger,studentsdisplaytheirownnation'sflagswiththedesignalteredorcutoutcompletely.Dictatorsflyflags;dissidents（持不同政见者）ripthemdown.Ineverycountryoftheworld,thetreatmentofaflagdisplaysanopinionorstatement.2020/1/235HistoryoftheUnitedStatesflag--2Americanstakethetreatmentoftheirflagseriouslyandinthe20thcenturythishasbecomeanimportantissue.Includedinthecodeofethicsaresuchrulesasthenationalflagcannotbeusedforadvertising.Itcannotcoveramonumentoranyceilings.Itmustnotbefoldedwhilebeingdisplayed.NooneshouldwriteonanAmericanflag.Shipscanlowertheirflagsslightlyingreetingeachother,butotherwiseshouldnotbedippedforanyotherobjectorperson.2020/1/236HistoryoftheUnitedStatesflag--3•Inthelate1960s,Americanstudentsworesmallflagssewntothebackoftheirjeans,symbolicallyinsultingtheAmericangovernmentandprotestingitsinvolvementintheVietnamWar.TheyburnedtheAmericanflaginfrontoftheCapitolBuilding（国会大厦）inWashingtonasastatementofprotest.Intheearly1990s,senatorssuggestedanamendmenttotheConstitution（宪法）thatwouldmakethistreatmentoftheflagillegal.Theproposition（提议、议案）wasopposedbecausemanyothersfeltthatthischangewouldbeaviolationofAmericans'constitutionalrightstoexpresstheiropinionsfreely.2020/1/237HistoryoftheUnitedStatesflag--4•ForallthecontroversyitisinterestingtopointoutthattheUnitedStatesdidnotevenhaveastandardizedflaguntil1912!CalledtheStarsandStripes,orOldGlory,theflagisoneofthemostcomplicatedintheworld.Nootherflagneeds64piecesoffabrictomake.Thecurrentflaghas13redandwhitealternating（交互的）stripes(representingtheoriginal13states)and50stars(eachstarrepresentsoneofthestatesoftheUnion)onabluebackground.2020/1/238HistoryoftheUnitedStatesflag--5•TheAmericanflaghasalsochangeddesignsmorethananyotherflagintheworld.Thefirstflag,calledtheGrandUnion,wasfirstflownattheheadquartersoftheContinentArmyonJanuary1,1776.BetsyRoss,aseamstress(女裁缝),issaidtohavecontributedtothisdesign.Shehadanupholstery（室内装潢）businesswhichmadeflagsfornavyshipsinPennsylvania.AlegendstillpersiststhatsheshowedGeorgeWashingtonhowtomakeafive-pointedstarandsuggestedthirteenstarsinacircleforthefirstflag.Herdescendantsclaimedthatsheofferedthedesign.Actually,sheandGeorgeWashingtonnevermet!GeorgeWashingtondiddesigntheGrandUnion.2020/1/239HistoryoftheUnitedStatesflag--6•OnJune14,1777,theContinentalCongressproposedthattheUnitedStateshaveanationalflaginsteadoftheBritishUnionJack.The13starsoftheflagrepresentedthe13newstates.TherewerefewpublicceremonieshonoringtheStarsandStripesuntil1877,whenon,June14,itwasflownfromeverygovernmentbuildinginhonorofthecentennial（百年纪念）oftheadoptionofanationalflag.Schoolshadunfurled（展示）Americanflagsovertheirdoorsoroutsidethebuildingslongbeforethis;butin1890,NorthDakotaandNewJerseymadealawthatrequiredtheirschoolstoflytheflagdaily.ThefirstofficialFlagDaywasobservedinPhiladelphia,Pennsylvaniain1893.NewYorkalsoproclaimedJune14asFlagDay1897.Otherstateswereslowtofollow.SomepeoplethoughtthatthedaywastooclosetoMemorialDayandIndependenceDay.2020/1/2310HistoryoftheUnitedStatesflag--7•InAugust1949,PresidentHarryS.TrumanproclaimedJune14asFlagDay.SincethenthePresidentproclaimsthecommemoration（纪念会）yearly,andencouragesallAmericansinthecountrytodisplaytheStarsandStripesoutsidetheirhomesandbusinesses.Individualstatesdeterminehowtheywillobservetheday.InPennsylvaniaandAmericanSamoaitisapublicholiday.Usuallytheflagisflownfromallpublicbuildings,speechesaremadeinpublicplacesandceremoniestakeplaceintownsorcities.2020/1/2311TheproductionoftheUnitedStatesflag•TheAnninflagcompanymakesmostAmericanflags.Theyhavemorebusinessthantheycandonow.Youdon'thavetogotoAnnintobuyaflagthough.Flagsalesareastreetcornercottageindustry.Furtiveoperativessetupshops,tothemthebuckmeansmorethanthebanner.•安宁国旗公司出产全美大部分的国旗。现在他们的生意是应接不暇。但要买国旗并不非得到安宁公司。街角也有出售国旗的摊子。对于那些偷偷售卖国旗的街贩,钱比国旗更重要。2020/1/2312TheUnitedStatesflaghangingmannerofrelease•国旗象征着一个国家的尊严。同各国人民一样，美国人在任何时候和任何场合都要保持对国旗的崇敬。美国许多州专门制定有关法律，规定了对国旗的礼节。美国升国旗的惯例是，着便装的戴帽者，用右手将帽子摘下，举在左胸前；未戴帽者，以立正姿势对国旗行注目礼；穿军装者，则行军礼。美国对挂放国旗的方式有如下规定：2020/1/2313•l.国旗与行进队伍前面的其他旗帜一起举起时，应位于所有旗帜之前，并在正中；2.国旗与另一面旗帜同举时，应位于右侧；3.国旗与一面旗帜交叉摆放时，应位于左侧，旗杆在前；2020/1/2314•4.国旗竖挂时，星区在上；5.国旗与州旗、市旗或其他团体旗帜同挂在一条旗绳上时，应位于顶端；6.会场上，国旗应位于第一排的右端；2020/1/2315•7.国旗与其他旗帜一起悬挂时，应位于中间，并高于其他旗帜；8.国旗悬挂在街道上空时，星区应朝北或者朝东；9.在讲坛上，国旗应位于发言者的右侧；•10.国旗铺放在灵柩上时，星区应位于死者的左肩上方；11.国旗挂在汽车上时，应牢固地固定于车身。2020/1/2316Americansoath美国还规定，任何物体和徽章都不得置于