美国土著居民介绍 Native Americans

NativeAmericansNativeAmericanswerethepeoplewholivedinAmericabeforepeoplefromothercountriescamehere.NativeAmericansrespectednature.Theytookcareoftheearthandonlyusedwhattheyneeded.NativeAmericansusednaturalresourcestomeettheirneeds.Naturalresourcesarethingsinnaturethatpeoplecanuse.treeswaterstonesbuffaloNativeAmericanslivedinculturegroups.Thepeopleinaculturegrouphavethesamewayoflife.Aculturegroupisagroupofpeoplewholiveinthesameregion.NativeAmericanslivedinsixdifferentregions.Eachregionhaddifferentphysicalsurroundings.Othersweremostlydesert.Someregionshadforests.Stillothershadoceansnearby.Eachregionhaddifferentnaturalresources.Eachculturegroupusedthenaturalresourcesinitsregiontomeetitsneeds.Thosewholivedneardesertsusedclayorstonestobuildtheirhomes.Forthisreason,NativeAmericanculturegroupshaddifferenthomes.ThosewholivedonthePlainsusedbuffaloskinstomaketheirhomes.Stillotherslivednearforests.Theybuilttheirhomesofwood.ManyNativeAmericanculturegroupsbuilttheirhomesinvillagesorcities.ThesearetheremainsofanancientAnasazicliffvillage.Otherculturegroups,likethePlainsIndians,werenomadic.Theycouldnotliveinoneplace.Theyhadtomovearoundtofollowthebuffalo.Thephysicalsurroundingsofeachregionalsoaffectedhoweachculturegroupgotitsfood.NativeAmericansintheEasternWoodlandswereverylucky.Thatregionhadforests,lakesandrivers,anearbyocean,andgoodclimate.TheseNativeAmericanscouldfarm,hunt,andfishforfood.TherewerenoforestsintheSouthwestregion.Thelandwasrockyanduneven.Thereweremanymesas,orlargerockswithflattops.TheIndianswholivedinthisregionwerefarmers.Theyplantedtheircropsonthetopsofmesas.NativeAmericansintheCaliforniaInter-mountainregionwereknownasgatherers.Therewerefewnaturalresourcesinthisregion.TheseNativeAmericansgatheredacorns,seeds,andfruits.Theyalsodugupplantrootstoeatforfood.IndiansfromtheNorthwestCoasthuntedseaanimalsinthePacificOcean.Thereweremanysalmonintheriversforthemtoeat.Theyalsohuntedanimalsinnearbyforests.BuffalowereanaturalresourceinthePlainsregion.Themeatwasusedforfood.Theskinswereusedforsheltersandclothing.Theboneswereusedfortools.Thephysicalsurroundingsoftheregionsaffectedeachculturegroup’swayoflifeinotherways,too.TherewasmuchclayintheSouthwest.NativeAmericansthatlivedinthisregionusedtheclaytomakebeautifulpottery.TheNorthwestCoastregionhadmanyforests.TheNativeAmericansinthisregionusedwoodfromtheforeststocarvetalltotempoles.Thecarvingsoneachtotempoletoldaboutafamily’shistory.ThereweremanybuffalointhePlainsregion.NativeAmericanswholivedinthisregionwerehunters.ThePlainsIndianshadspecialceremoniesbeforebighunts.Theydancedtothemusicofdrums.Theythoughtthiswouldbringthemgoodluckonthehunt.NativeAmericansintheCaliforniaInter-mountainregionwereexpertbasketweavers.Theymadebeautifulbasketsoutofgrassesandplants.PhysicalsurroundingsaffectedhowtheIndianstraveled,too.AllIndianswalked.PlainsandSouthwestIndiansgothorsesfromSpanishexplorers.IndiansintheEasternWoodlands,NorthwestCoast,andCaliforniaIntermountainregionsusedcanoes.NativeAmericanculturegroupshaddifferentwaysoflifeduetotheirdifferentphysicalsurroundingsandnaturalresources.Let’sreview.Weknow:NativeAmericanswerethefirstAmericans.NativeAmericansrespectednature.NativeAmericansusednaturalresources.NativeAmericanslivedindifferentregions.NativeAmericanshaddifferenthomes.NativeAmericansgotfoodindifferentways.PhotoCreditsPage1-SpottedTail’sfamilyWesternHistory/GenealogyDepartment,DenverPublicLibraryPage14–FruitgathererNorthwesternUniversityLibrary,EdwardS.Curtis's'TheNorthAmericanIndian':thePhotographicImages,2001.