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英语名篇名段背诵精华(1-15)1．Lifeisachess-boardThechess-boardistheworld:thepiecesarethephenomenaoftheuniverse;therulesofthegamearewhatwecallthelawsofnature.Theplayerontheothersideishiddenfromus.Weknowthathisplayisalwaysfair,justandpatient.Butalsoweknow,toourcost,thatheneveroverlooksamistake,ormakesthesmallestallowanceforignorance.ByThomasHenryHuxley参考译文棋盘宛如世界：一个个棋子仿佛世间的种种现象：游戏规则就是我们所称的自然法则。竞争对手藏于暗处，不为我们所见。我们知晓，这位对手向来处事公平，正义凛然，极富耐心。然而，我们也明白，这位对手从不忽视任何错误，或者因为我们的无知而做出一丝让步，所以我们也必须为此付出代价。2．BestoftimesItwasthebestoftimes,itwastheworstoftimes;itwastheageofwisdom,itwastheageoffoolishness;itwastheepochofbelief,itwastheepochofincredulity;itwastheseasonoflight,itwastheseasonofdarkness;itwasthespringofhope,itwasthewinterofdespair;wehadeverythingbeforeus,wehadnothingbeforeus;wewereallgoingdirecttoHeaven,wewereallgoingdirecttheotherway.ExcerptfromATaleofTwoCitiesbyCharlesDickens参考译文这是一个最好的时代，也是一个最坏的时代；这是明智的年代，这是愚昧的年代；这是信任的纪元，这是怀疑的纪元；这是光明的季节，这是黑暗的季节；这是希望的春日，这是失望的冬日；我们面前应有尽有，我们面前一无所有；我们都将直下地狱……3．EqualityandGreatnessBetweenpersonsofequalincomethereisnosocialdistinctionexceptthedistinctionofmerit.Moneyisnothing;character,conduct,andcapacityareeverything.Insteadofalltheworkersbeingleveleddowntolowwagestandardsandalltherichleveleduptofashionbaleincomestandards,everybodyunderasystemofequalincomeswouldfindhisorherownnaturallevel.Therewouldbegreatpeopleandordinarypeopleandlittlepeolpe,butthegreatwouldalwaysbethosewhohaddonegreatthings,andnevertheidiotwhosemotherhadspoiledthemandwhosefatherhadleftahunredthousandayear;andthelittlewouldbepersonsofsmallmindsandmeancharacters,andnotpoorpersonswhohadneverhadachance.Thatiswhyidiotsarealwaysinfavourofinequalityofincome(theironlychanceofeminence),andthereallygreatinfavourofequality.收入相当的人除了品性迥异以外没有社会差别。金钱不能说明什么；性格，行为，能力才代表一切。在收入平等制度下，每个人将会找到他或她正常的地位，而不是所有的工人被划到应拿低工资阶层，所有的富人被划到应得高收入的阶层。人有卓著伟人，平庸之辈和碌碌小人之别，然伟人总是那些有所建树之人，而非从小深受母亲溺爱，父亲每年留下一大笔钱之人；碌碌小人总是那些心胸狭窄，品德卑劣之人，而不是那些从未获取机会的穷人。愚蠢之众总是赞成收入不平等（他们职能凭借这种机会才能为人所知），而真正伟大之人则主张平等相待，原因就在于此。4．GreatExpectationsAsthenightwasfastfalling,andasthemoon,beingpastthefull,wouldnotriseearly,weheldalittlecouncil:ashortone,forclearlyourcoursewastoliebyatthefirstlonelytavernwecouldfind.So,theypliedtheiroarsoncemore,andIlookedoutforanythinglikeahouse.Thusweheldon,speakinglittle,forfourorfivedullmiles.Itwasverycold,and,acolliercomingbyus,withhergallery-firesmokingandflaring,lookedlikeacomfortablehome.Thenightwasasdarkbythistimeasitwouldbeuntilmorning;andwhatlightwehad,seemedtocomemorefromtheriverthanthesky,astheoarsintheirdippingstuckatafewreflectedstars.天黑得很快，偏巧这天又是下弦月，月亮不会很早升起。我们就稍稍商量了一下，可是也用不着多讨论，因为情况是明摆着的，再划下去我们一遇到冷落的酒店就得投宿。于是他们又使劲打起浆来，我则用心寻找岸上是否隐隐约约有什么房屋的模样。这样又赶了四五英里路，一路上好不气闷，大家简直不说一句话。天气非常冷，一艘煤船从我们近旁驶过，船上厨房里生着火，炊烟缕缕，火光荧荧，在我们看来简直就是个安乐家了。这时夜已透黑，看来就要这样一直黑到天明，我们仅有的一点光亮似乎不是来自天空，而是来自河上，一浆又一浆的，搅动着那寥寥几颗倒映在水里的寒星。5．ThedoerofDeedsItisnotthecriticwhocounts,notthemanwhopointsouthowthestrongmanstumbles,thedoerofdeedscouldhavedonethembetter.Thecreditbelongstothemanwhoisactuallyinthearens,whosefaceismarredbydustandsweatandblood;whostivesvaliantly;whoerrs,andcomesshortagainandagain;becausethereisnoteffortwithouterrorandshortcoming;butwhodoesactuallystrivetodothedeeds;whoknowsthegreatenthusiasms,thegreatdevotions;whospendshimselfinaworthycause,whoatthebestknowsintheendthetriumphsofhighachievementandwhoattheworst,ifhefails,atleastfailswhiledaringgreatly,sothathisplaceshallneverbewiththosecoldandtimidsoulswhoknowneithervictorynordefeat.真正令人尊敬的并非那些评论家和那些指出强者是如何跌倒，实干家本该做得更好的人。荣誉属于那些亲临竞技场，满脸污泥，汗水和鲜血的人。他们不懈努力，他们曾犯过过错，并一再失败。因为付出即意味着犯错和失败。他们满怀激情地努力做事，执着不懈，将生命奉献于崇高的事业。他们为经过艰辛努力最终取得的伟大成就而自豪，如果失败，他们夜败的荣耀。因而，这样的人永远不应与那些不知道胜利，也从未失败过的冷淡而胆怯的灵魂相提并论。6．AmericandreamToAmericans,industriousness,thriftandambitionarepossitivevalues.Weencourageourchildrentobecompetitive,togetahead,tomakemoney,toacquirepossassion.Ingamesandinbusinessalike,theaimistowinthegame,thetrorphy,thecontract.Wegoinforlaboursavingdevices,gadgets,speedandshortcuts.Wethinkeveryyoungcoupleshouldsetupahomeoftheirown.Andwepitythecouplewhomustsharetheirhomewiththeirparent,letalonewithotherrelatives.Actually,ofcourse,notallAmericansholdallthesevalues.Andthosewhodomayholdother,andattimescontrodictaryvaluesthataffecttheirwaysofbehaving.Inthemain,however,thecollectiveexpectationofoursocietyisthatthesearedesirablegoals,andtheindividual,whateverhispersonalinclination,isunderconsiderablepressuretoconform.7．ShakespeareShakespeareisaboveallwriters,atleastaboveallmodernwriters,thepoetofnature;thepoetthatholdsuptohisreadersafaithfulmirrorofmannersandoflife.Hischaractersarenotmodifiedbythecustomsofparticularplaces,unpractisedbytherestoftheworld;bythepeculiaritiesofstudiesorprofessions,whichcanoperatebutuponsmallnumbers;orbytheaccidentsoftransientfashionsortemporaryopinions:theyarethegenuineprogenyofcommonhumanity,suchastheworldwillalwayssupply,andobservationwillalwaysfind.Hispersonsactandspeakbytheinflunceofthosegeneralpassionsandprinciplesbywhichallmindsareagitated,andthewholesystemoflifeiscontinuedinmotion.Inthewritingsofotherpoetsacharacteristoooftenanin