Lesson72AcarcalledBluebirdbluebirdracev.竞赛,急速而过Thecarjustracedby,leavingatrailofdust.n.比赛,竞赛,种族Youareinaraceagainsttime.Vocabularyperprep每Themealwillcost$20perpersonaverageadj.平均的,中等的Sheisaboutaverageweight.burst①vi.爆炸,爆裂Sheburstthelittleboy’sballoon.②vt.(及物动词)&vi.(不及物)突然打开Weburstthedooropen.Languagepoints1、Thegreatracingdriver,SirMalcolmCampbell,wasthefirstmantodriveatover300milesperhour.在thesecond,thenext/thelast以及表示最高级的如thebest,themostintelligent等后可以用to引导的不定式短语做定语,这些词语后面可以接名词或one(s),也可以不接:She’salwaysthefirsttoarriveandthelasttoleave.你是我买房子的最好顾问。You’rethebestpersontoadvisemeaboutbuyingahouse.theonly后必须接一个名词或one(s):You’retheonlyperson/onetocomplain.per表示“每一,每”,通常用于商业及技术用语,日常用语大多用a/an:Youcanstayatthehotelat$10perpersonpernight.2、Itwasover30feetinlengthandhada2,500-horsepowerengine.Sthis+数字+单位+inlength/height/weight/depth他有2米高Heis2metersinheight.这个洞有7米深Thecaveis7metersindepth.这个大象有3吨重Theelephantis3tonsinweight.3、AlthoughCampbellreachedaspeedofover304milesperhour,hehadgreatdifficultyincontrollingthecarbecauseatyreburstduringthefirstrun.havedifficulty(in)doingsth.做……有困难HehasgrownabeardandIhaddifficulty(in)recognizinghim.thefirstrun一开始的行程thenextrun下一段赛程4.Afterhisattempt,Campbellwasdisappointedtolearnthathisaveragespeedhadbeen299milesperhour.learn得知bedisappointedtohear/find/see/learn…attemptn.企图,试图5、Followinginhisfather'sfootstepsmanyyearslater,SirMalcolm'sson,Donald,alsosetupaworldrecord.followinone’sfootsteps步某人的后尘,仿效某人,继承某人的事业他打算踏着父亲的足迹,成为一名牙医。Heintendstofollowinhisfather’sfootstepsandtobecomeadentist.6.Likehisfather,hewasdrivingacarcalledBluebird.就像他妈妈一样,他帮助了很多人。一、一般现在时1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。2.时间状语:Always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek(day,year,month…),onSundays,3.基本结构:动词原形(如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)4.否定形式:主语+am/is/are+not+其他;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。6.例句:.Itseldomsnowshere.Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.Actionspeakslouderthanwords.二、一般过去时1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。2.时间状语:ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek,last(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.3.基本结构:be动词;行为动词的过去式4.否定形式:主语+was/were+not+其他;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词。6.例句:Sheoftencametohelpusinthosedays.Ididn'tknowyouweresobusy.三、现在进行时1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2.时间状语:Now,atthistime,days,etc.look.listen3.基本结构:主语+be+doing+其他4.否定形式:主语+be+not+doing+其他5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。6.例句:Howareyoufeelingtoday?Heisdoingwellinhislessons.四、过去进行时1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。2.时间状语:atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。3.基本结构主语+was/were+doing+其他4.否定形式:主语+was/were+not+doing+其他5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写)6.例句:AtthattimeshewasworkinginaPLAunit.Whenhecamein,Iwasreadinganewspaper.五、现在完成时1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。2.时间状语:yet,already,just,never,ever,sofar,bynow,since+时间点,for+时间段,recently,lately,inthepastfewyears,etc.3.基本结构:主语+have/has+p.p(过去分词)+其他4.否定形式:主语+have/has+not+p.p(过去分词)+其他5.一般疑问句:have或has。6.例句:I'vewrittenanarticle.Thecountrysidehaschangedalotinthepastfewyears.六、过去完成时1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。2.时间状语:Before,bytheendoflastyear(term,month…),etc.3.基本结构:主语+had+p.p(过去分词)+其他4.否定形式:主语+had+not+p.p(过去分词)+其他5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。6.例句:Assoonaswegottothestation,thetrainhadleft.Bytheendoflastmonth.Wehadreviewedfourbooks基本结构:主语+had+p.p(过去分词)+其他①肯定句:主语+had+p.p(过去分词)+其他②否定句:主语+had+not+p.p(过去分词)+其他③一般疑问句:Had+主语+p.p(过去分词)+其他④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句七、一般将来时1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。2.时间状语:Tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,by…,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.3.基本结构:主语+am/is/are+goingto+do+其他;主语+will/shall+do+其他4.否定形式:主语+am/is/arenotgoingtodo;主语+will/shallnotdo+其他5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。6.例句:Theyaregoingtohaveacompetitionwithusinstudies.Itisgoingtorain.八、过去将来时1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。2.时间状语:Thenextday(morning,year…),thefollowingmonth(week…),etc.3.基本结构:主语+was/were+goingto+do+其他;主语+would/should+do+其他4.否定形式:主语+was/were/not+goingto+do;主语+would/should+not+do.5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should提到句首。6.例句:HesaidhewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.Iaskedwhowasgoingthere.九、将来完成时1.概念:在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态2.时间状语:bythetimeof;bytheendof+时间短语(将来);bythetime+从句(将来)3.基本结构:主语+begoingto/will/shall+have+p.p(过去分词)+其他4例句:Bythetimeyougetback,greatchangeswillhavetakenplaceinthisarea.十、现在完成进行时1.概念:表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来。2.基本结构:主语+have/has+been+doing+其他3.时间状语:since+时间点,for+时间段等。4.例子:Ihavebeensittinghereforanhour.ThechildrenhavebeenwatchingTVsincesixo'clock.十一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用别的表达方式:①瞬间动词用于“一段时间+ago”的一般过去时的句型中;②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用;③瞬间动词用于“Itis+一段时间+since+一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用itis来代替Ithasbeen;④瞬间动词用于“Sometimehaspassedsince+一般过去时”的句型中。请看:A.HejoinedtheLeaguetwoyearsago.B.HehasbeenintheLeaguefortwoyears.C.ItistwoyearssincehejoinedtheLeague.D.TwoyearshaspassedsincehejoinedtheLeague.十二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如atwork(在工作),atschool(