搜索
2013大学英语四级阅读技巧之长篇阅读(信息匹配)Lengthyreading：informationmatching长篇阅读（信息匹配题）•包括大约10-18个段落的篇章。•题后给出10句陈述，每句一题。•每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的那一段落，每段开头有一个字母标识指代该段落。•一般一个段落对应一题；有的段落可能对应两题或更多，有多次被选的可能；有的段落可能不对应任何一题。解题思路Step1快速通读文章（skimming)，标题、副标题、首段、段落首、尾主题句、段落重要观点句，注意文章结构和细节串联，熟悉文章的题材，抓住文章大意。Step2仔细阅读给出的10句话(statements)，明确标出句中易于查找的细节词，如数字、大写、核心名词、态度词汇等，掌握问题类型。Step3快速查读（scanning），根据10句话中的细节词迅速找出相应段落，确定段落内容与题干信息是否对应。Caseanalysisp7-9答题原则•1)关键词定位原则。•2)关键词非首次出现原则。•3)出题非顺序原则。•4)匹配原则。句子与原文定位处需有明确的匹配关系：同义改写，正话反说，反话正说，归纳概括等语言层面的改写和替换。•5)非一一对应原则：有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题。•6）题目非照抄原文原则Modeltest1p7-9•Skimthepassageandgraspthemainidea(accordingtothesubtitles)•Scrutinizeeachof10statementsattachedtothepassage,markingthekeywordsanddetailsaswellasscanningouttherelatedsentencesthatinvolvethekeywordsanddetails.•Makesurethechosenparagraphmatchesthestatement.ThesubtitlesHowmuchtrashisgenerated?Howistrashdisposedof?Whatisalandfill?ProposingthelandfillBuildingthelandfillWhathappenstotrashinalandfill?Howisalandfilloperated?Markthekeywordsanddetailsinthe10statements46Firststepinconstructingalandfillistobuildroadswhichleadtothelandfill.(I)关键词+同义改写47.Mostcustomersofalandfillaremunicipalitiesandconstructioncompanies.(k)同上48.Alandfillcan’tbebuiltwithoutcertainenvironmentalimpactstudybeingcarriedout.(H)关键词+正话反说49.Inlandfilldisposal,theUnitedKingdomranksfirstwhiletheUnitedStatesranksmiddleofthemajorcountries.(D)关键词+改写50.Ratherthanbreakdowntrash,alandfillismainlytoburyit.(J)关键词+改写Markthekeywordsanddetailsinthe10statements•51.It’spredictedthatbioreactorwillbeusedtospeedupoftrashbreakdowninlandfills.(Q)关键词+改写•52.Ofallthebigcountries,Americansgenerateslargestamountoftrashperpersoneveryyear,andmajorityofthetrashisburiedinlandfills.(B)关键词+综合•53.Customersoflandfillsarechargedbytheweightofthetrashtheyaregoingtobury.(M)某些关键词多次出现•54.Poisonouschemicalsarebarredfromalandfill.(O)同义改写•55.Usuallytoreducetheamountofmaterialinalandfill,thereisarecyclingcenterneartheentranceofthelandfill.(L)关键词+细节词Skimmingandscanningactivity(accordingtoeachof10statements)46Firststepinconstructingalandfillistobuildroadswhichleadtothelandfill.(I)关键词+同义改写BuildingtheLandfill•I)Oncetheenvironmentalimpactstudyiscomplete,thepermitsaregrantedandthefundshavebeenraised,thenconstructionbegins.First,accessroadstothelandfillsitemustbebuiltiftheydonotalreadyexist.Theseroadswillbeusedbyconstructionequipment,sanitation(环卫)servicesandthegeneralpublic.Afterroadshavebeenbuilt,diggingcanbegin.IntheNorthWakeCountyLandfill,thelandfillbegan10feetbelowtheroadsurface.Skimmingandscanningactivity(accordingtoeachof10statements)•47.Mostcustomersofalandfillaremunicipalitiesandconstructioncompanies.(k)关键词+同义改写•HowIsaLandfillOperated?•K)Alandfill,suchastheNorthWakeCountyLandfill,mustbeopenandavailableeveryday.Customersaretypicallymunicipalitiesandconstructioncompanies,althoughresidentsmayalsousethelandfill.Skimmingandscanningactivity(accordingtoeachof10statements)48.Alandfillcan’tbebuiltwithoutcertainenvironmentalimpactstudybeingcarriedout.(H)关键词+正话反说•H)IntheUnitedStates,takingcareoftrashandbuildinglandfillsarelocalgovernmentresponsibilities.Beforeacityorotherauthoritycanbuildalandfill,anenvironmentalimpactstudymustbedoneontheproposedsitetodetermine:Skimmingandscanningactivity(accordingtoeachof10statements)49.Inlandfilldisposal,theUnitedKingdomranksfirstwhiletheUnitedStatesranksmiddleofthemajorcountries.(D)关键词+改写•HowIsTrashDisposedof?•D)ThetrashproductionintheUnitedStateshasalmosttripledsince1960.Thistrashishandledinvariousways.About27percentofthetrashisrecycledorcomposted,16percentisburnedand57percentisburiedinlandfills.Theamountoftrashburiedinlandfillshasdoubledsince1960.TheUnitedStatesrankssomewhereinthemiddleofthemajorcountries(UnitedKingdom,Canada,Germany,FranceandJapan)inlandfilldisposal.TheUnitedKingdomrankshighest,buryingabout90percentofitssolidwasteinlandfills.Skimmingandscanningactivity(accordingtoeachof10statements)50.Ratherthanbreakdowntrash,alandfillismainlytoburyit.(J)关键词+改写•WhatHappenstoTrashinaLandfill?•J)Trashputinalandfillwillstaythereforaverylongtime.Insidealandfill,thereislittleoxygenandlittlemoisture.Undertheseconditions,trashdoesnotbreakdownveryrapidly.Infact,whenoldlandfillshavebeenduguporsampled,40-year-oldnewspapershavebeenfoundwitheasilyreadableprint.Landfillsarenotdesignedtobreakdowntrash,merelytoburyit.Whenalandfillcloses,thesite,especiallythegroundwater,mustbemonitoredandmaintainedforupto30years!Skimmingandscanningactivity(accordingtoeachof10statements)•51.It’spredictedthatbioreactorwillbeusedtospeedupoftrashbreakdowninlandfills.(Q)关键词+改写•Q)Landfillsarecomplicatedstructuresthat,whenproperlydesignedandmanaged,serveandimportantpurpose.Inthefuture,newtechnologiescalledbioreactorswillbeusedtospeedthebreakdownoftrashinlandfillsandproducemoremethane.Skimmingandscanningactivity(accordingtoeachof10statements)•52.Ofallthebigcountries,Americansgenerateslargestamountoftrashperpersoneveryyear,andmajorityofthetrashisburiedinlandfills.(B)关键词+综合•B)Americansgeneratetrashatanastonishingrateoffourp