Basic Chemical Safety Training

ChemicalSafetyChemicalHazardsIdentification&SafeHandlingWemayneedtohandleandusevarioustypesofchemicalsinthecourseofourworkItisimportantforustobeawareofthedangersofchemicalsandtheprecautionstopreventaccidentsanddiseasesIntroductionChemicalHazardsIdentification&SafeHandlingInthissession,weshalldiscuss:properties&hazardsofchemicalssafetymeasurestoobserveinhandlingthemChemicalHazardsControlRecognition-knowledgeofthepropertiesofthechemicalsandtheirdanger.MaterialsafetydatasheetgivingnecessarysafetyhealthhazardinformationandprecautionsforsafehandlingEvaluation-eliminateorsubstituteharmlessorlessharmfulsubstanceswherepossibleControl-preventivemeasurestakentoprotectagainstinhalation,skinabsorptionoringestion:-labeling,warningnotices,protectiveclothing&appliances,isolation,monitoring&testing,lockup,ventilationetc.ChemicalHazardsSomechemicalsarehighlyflammable.TheymaystartafireorcauseanexplosionOthersmaybecorrosiveortoxicposingvariousformofadversehealtheffectandotheroutcomesonoverexposure.PhysicalFormsofChemicalsChemicalscomeinvariousforms.Itcanbesolids,liquid,gas,vapour,dusts,fumes,mistsorsmoke.Differentformsproducedifferenteffectonexposure.Itcanalsochangefromoneformtoanotherdependingontheenvironmentalconditions.TheFactories(PermissibleExposureLevelofToxicSubstances)Order1996CurrentairbornestandardsinSingaporeistheFactories(PELofToxicSubstances)Order1996comeintooperationon1Jan1997SetsaminimumacceptablestandardforfactoryPrescribethepermissibleexposurelevelsofafewhundredstypesoftoxicsubstances.DefinitionofToxicSubstancesToxicsubstancesaresubstanceswhichproduceharmfuleffectsinthebodyifthereareofsufficientconcentration.ConceptsrelatedtotoxicityTime-weightedaverageconcentration-thisistheaverageexposureofconcentrationthattakeintoaccountthevariationinlevelsduringtheday.MaximumAllowableConcentration-thisisthelevelofmaximumexposuretowhichaworkercanbesubjectedcontinuouslywithoutsufferingharmfuleffects.ConceptsrelatedtotoxicityThresholdlimitvalues-thisreferstotheairborneconcentrationsofsubstancestowhichnearlyallworkersmayberepeatedlyexposedtoeverydaywithoutadverseeffectsDose=Concentration(ppmormg/m3)xDuration(hours)ppm=partsofthesubstancespermillionpartsofcontaminatedairbyvolumemg/m3=milligrammesofthesubstancespercubicmeterofcontaminatedairEffectsofToxicSubstancesTwotypesofeffects-AcuteorChronicAcuteEffect-resultsfromasuddenhighlevelofexposurewhichgiveimmediateeffects,oftenseriousillness,irritanteffectsordeathChronicsEffects-resultsfromalowlevelofcontinuousexposurethatdevelopsthesymptomsordiseaseoveraperiodoftime.Thismayaffectthenervoussystem,thebloodsystem,bones,liver,andkidneysofthesystem.RoutesofEntryExposuretochemicalsorentryofchemicalsintothebodycanoccurthroughthefollowingways:Absorption(skin&eyecontact)-entersthebodyintheformofvapour,liquid,sprayormist.Thismaycauseburns,rashes,irritationandblindnessInhalation-entersthebodythroughbreathingintheformofsmoke,fumes,mist,dustorvapour.ThismaycausedizzinessandheadacheIngestion-entersthebodyfromeatinganddrinking.Thismaydamagethestomach,liverandotherorgansMaterialSafetyDataSheet(MSDS)Thisprovidesthenecessaryinformationtoworksafelywithchemicals.Itcontainshealth,safetyandrelevantinformationaboutthechemicalsubstances.Itcoversthefollowings:1)Identity2)Hazardousingredients3)Physicalandchemicalcharacteristics4)Physicalhazards5)Reactivity6)Healthhazards7)Spillorleakprocedures8)Controlmeasures9)PrecautionsforsafehandlingMaterialSafetyDataSheet(MSDS)Identity-Whomakesit,theiraddress,emergencyphonenumberanddatepreparedHazardousingredients-Asubstance’shazardouscomponents,chemicalandcommonnamesPhysicalandchemicalcharacteristics-Boilingpoint,meltingpoint,appearanceandodor,vapourpressure,vapourdensityetc.Physicalhazards-Fireandexplosions;Waystohandlethosehazards.Reactivity-WhetherthesubstanceisstableMaterialSafetyDataSheet(MSDS)Healthhazards-Howthechemicalcanenteryourbody.Signsandsymptomsofexposure.Spillorleakprocedures-WhattodoifthereisaspillorleakControlmeasures-WhattypeofpersonalprotectiveequipmenttousewhenhandlingthatparticularchemicalPrecautionsforsafehandling-HowtohandleandstorechemicalsubstancesSafeHandlingofChemicalsUsesuitableprotectiveclothingandappliances,includingwherenecessarysuitablegloves,footwear,goggles,headcoveringsandrespirators.ChangesclothesregularlyWashhandandforearmsregularlyUsebarriercreamforadditionalprotectionNeverusecontaminatedcontainersSafeStorageofChemicalsMeasurestakentoprotectagainstinhalationofthedust,fumeorothercontaminantsandtopreventtheiraccumulation.Theseincludetestingandmonitoringsystem,warningnotices,safetysigns,ventilationsystem,fumescontrolandcleaningsystemetc.PersoninchargemusthaveadequateknowledgeofthepropertiesofthechemicalsandtheirdangerAllchemicalsshallbeproperlylabeledandhazardsinformationprovidedSafeStorageofChemicalskeepcontainersclosedandtightlysealedwhennotinusedonotusechemicalinanunlabeledcontainerstorechemicalindesignatedareagoodhousekeepingisimportantdonotsmokeinstorageareaschec