Current Status of Enhance Geothermal System Operat

CurrentStatusofEnhanceGeothermalSystemOperationsinCooperBasinbyGeodynamicsLtdLin-MaoXieRockMechanicsandRockEngineeringLabSeoulNationalUniversity2AboutEGS(EnhancedGeothermalSystem)(EnergyModelingGroup,ColoradoSchoolofMines,2012)–AlsoknownasHotDryRock(HDR)orHotFracturedRock(HFR)–EGSisasystemthatuseshydraulicstimulationofahot(T160°C)butcomparablyimpermeable(k10-16m2)rockmassatdepth(~5km)tocreateanartificialgeothermalreservoir(volume~2km2).–Enhancingthereservoirpermeabilityisthekeytechnicalcomponent.3AboutEGS(EnhancedGeothermalSystem)maxHSminhSmaxHSminhSmaxHSminhSmaxHSminhSHydroshearingslippagealongpre-existingfracturesHydrofracturing4AboutGeodynamicsLtdGeodynamicsLimitedisAustralia’smostadvancedgeothermalenergydeveloperandagloballeaderinitsfieldHoldinggeothermalexplorationlicensesoverhighlyprospectiveareasinAustraliaFocusingonextractingheatfromgeothermaltenementsinCooperBasin,SouthAustralia45OutlineofCooperBasinProjectDeltonChen,2010Note:Habanero4drillingisgoingon.OutlineofCooperBasinProjectHabanerochili,JolokiachiliandSavinachiliarethoughttobetheknownhottestpeppersintheworld.Simplybutimpressively,theyhighlightthethermallyexcellentreservior.67GeologicalFormationSedimentaryrock:3.5-4kmGranitebase:10kmLowthermalconductivityinsulationsediment(shaleandcoal)Highheatproductivitygranitebase(potassium,thoriumanduranium)Hightemperatureatdepthof4-5km(220℃)Hottestrocksintheworldinanon-volcanicenvironmentDooneWyborn,20128GeologicalFormation9DeepwelldrillingGeodynamicsimportedRig100fromLetourneauTechnologiesInc.USAatacostof﹩32mItwasmaintainedandoperatedbyEasternwellGroupDeepwelldrilling10DooneWyborn,201211DooneWyborn,2012BOP1.Layoutthepad–Complete2.InstalltheConductor-Complete3.Rigmove-Onlocation4.Drill24”holesectionto580m5.Run185/8”casingto577m6.Cementcasing7.Install“A”sectionofwellhead8.Nippleup20¾”BOP185/8”casingdeeperthanonlastwellstogivethewellheadmorestabilityandsupportsothatitdoesnotsinkHotGranite580Drill24”Holesection&Runandset185/8”casing12DooneWyborn,2012Drill16”Holesection&Runandset133/8”casing1.Drill16”holesectionto2286m2.Loggingrun(1run)3.Run133/8”casingto2283m4.Cementcasingconventionally5.NippleupBsectionwellhead6.Nippleup135/8”BOPsection*Atrial97/8”reversecementrunisplannedafterthe133/8”cementjob*Fingerprintingexerciseswillbeginbeforedrillingoutthe133/8”andwillcontinuetilltheendofthewellBOP133/8”casingat2283mtohavetheshoeinthecompetentNappameriformation(tightsandstone)beforethepressurerampuptakesplaceOverpressuredNormalpressuredHotGranite2286m13DooneWyborn,2012Drill12.25”Holesection&Runandset97/8”casing1.Drill12.25”holesectionto4034m2.Log(1run)3.Run97/8”casingto4031m4.ReverseCementcasing5.N/U”C”section6.FIT7.Log(1run)*Fingerprintingexercisewillcontinueinthissection*DrillfluidwillchangetoHPHTasrequired97/8”casingat4031mtohavetheshoeingraniteformationandtosealoffanyminorfracturesbehindthecasingBOPHotGraniteOverpressuredNormalpressured4034m14DooneWyborn,2012Drill8.5”HolesectionBOPHotGranite1.Drill8.5”holesectionto4127m2.POOHforbittrip3.ContdDrilling8½”holeto4204m(expectedmainfracturedepth~4154m)4.POOH5.Log(1run)•Thereisanarrowmarginbetweentheporepressureandfractureline.•Connectionwillnotbemadeafterdrillingfractureuntilmarginisunderstood•FingerprintingexercisewillcontinuetilltheendofthewellRatholeof50mtobedrilledbelowtheidentifiedfracturedepthforloggingsumpOverpressuredNormalPressured4204m15DooneWyborn,2012RunPackerandCompletionsJewelleryBOPHotGranite1.Runandset7”completionsassemblyconsistingofPacker’sPlug,andothercompletionjewellery2.DisplacewelltocompletionfluidOverpressuredNormalpressured16DeepwelldrillingOverthrustin-situstressconditions,Detectablesub-horizontalnaturalfracturesexistandintersectwithdeepwells;Fractureswithhighfluidoverpressures,withavaluearound34Mpaatsurface./1.6/1.1/1.0,0.025710.0HhvvzDeltonChen&DooneWyborn2009DooneWyborn20103v1max1.6Hv17Deepwellstimulation(ItascaAppliedSeismologyConsultants,2012)18DeepwellstimulationseismicstationnetworkOnedeephightemperaturestation,1793mwith150℃Threedownholestations,200-400mFournearsurfacestations,100mHiroshiAsanuma&YasuhiroKenmoku,200919DeepwellstimulationFlowrate:13.5L/s→18.7L/s→24L/s,muchsmallerthanthatofSoultzcaseduetotheexistenceofnaturalhighporepressureandfavorablein-situstresscondition.Themicro-seismiceventsdistributeinsub-horizontaldirection,correspondingtothedetectedmainnaturalfracture.theareaspreadsaboutadepthof350m.HiroshiAsanuma&YusukeKumano,2009HiroshiKaieda,201020DeepwellstimulationSecondstimulationofHabanero1:Quasi-Kaisereffectwasobserved,eventsweremonitoredafteronedayinjectionEnlargedthesub-horizontalfracturezone,StefanBaisch,200921DeepwellstimulationStimulations:1)Habanero1:20,000m3→2.5km22)Habanero2:7,000m3→0.4km23)Habanero1:20,000m3→4.0km24)Habanero3:2,200m3→0.2km2Note:Asecondlayer,150mabovethemainfracture,wasstimulatedbetweenHabanero1andHabanero2.DeltonChen&DooneWyborn200922Deepwellstimulationseismicstationnetworkcancaptureacousticeventsaroundtheactivatedzonemarginpoststimulation,showingthetendencyofext