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ThePastPerfectTenses过去完成时：助动词had+过去分词构成？Ihadknownhimthreeyearsbefore.我三年前就已经认识他了。hadknown在六点以前，我就已经完成作业了。Bysixo’clock,Ihadfinishedmyhomework.表示在过去的某一段时间（sixo’clock以前）已经做完作业，与现在无关。他们已经吃过早饭了。Theyhavealreadyhadbreakfast.Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.他说他从未看过如此令人兴奋的比赛。Ihaveneverseensuchanexcitingmatchbefore!Hesaidthathehadneverseensuchanexcitingmatch!过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past）”。Summary过去完成时的用法Bythetimewegotthere,thebushadalreadygone.Wegotthereat7:00Thebusleftat6:59WhenIgottothecheck-out,IrealizedIhadleftmypurseathome.句型：1.过去完成时++一般过去时BeforeWhenBy过去的时间点（Bytheendof过去的时间点1）Shehadwaitedfortwohoursbeforesheheardhernamecalled.2）Hehadjustleftbythebackdoorwhenthepolicemenbrokedownthefrontdoorandgotintothehouse.3)Laurahadlearnteverythingabouttheaffairbythetimeherhusbandgatheredenoughcouragetotellheraboutit.2.一般过去时+after+过去完成时•Thepolicemenbrokedownthefrontdoorandgotintothehouseafterhehadjustleftbythebackdoor.•Sheheardhernamecalledhehadwaitedfortwohours.过去完成时复合句的用法用在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。Eg.Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.用在When，before，after,until等引导的状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。Eg.WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.注意：before,after引导的时间状语从句中，由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：Wheredidyoustudybeforeyoucamehere?Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.主语＋had＋nosooner＋过去分词＋than＋主语＋一般过去时。Theyhadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.他们一到家，天就下起雨来。.根据上、下文来判定。ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.Wehadn'tseeneachothersincehewentto.3.Subject+had+PP+过去时间点1)Einsteinhadgainedworldfameby1914.2)Wehadlearned2000wordsuptolastterm.3)IhadreadthreebookstilllastMonday.ByUptotill1.与过去完成时简单句连用的时间状语by+过去的时间点Eg.Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight.bytheendof+过去的时间点Eg.WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.before+过去的时间点Eg.TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.与already，yet，still，just，before，never，for,since等时间状语连用。不用过去完成时的情况句中如yesterday,lastyear,in1986,threedaysago等明确地表示过去时间的状语，谓语动词必须用一般过去时。在叙述两件以上的事件时，如果事件之间连接地很紧凑的一系列的动作，一般仍用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。Theydecidedtostayhere,andsotheybuilttheirhousesandmadetheirfarms.区别例句现在完成时利用过去，说明现在。（强调对现在造成的影响）Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar.到目前为止，我已经学了….一般过去时仅谈过去，与现在无关（与yesterday,lastweek,twodaysago等明确的过去时间连用。）Ilearned10Englishwordsyesterday.（只强调事实）昨天我学了10个英语单词。过去完成时要有参照的过去时间，“过去的过去”Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen.到那时为止我已经学会了…现在完成时、一般过去时、过去完成时的区别：1.WhenMarkopenedthedoor,hesawawomanstandingthere.He_______herbefore.A.NeversawB.hadneverseenc.NeverseesD.hasneverseen2.Hekeptlookingather,wonderingwhetherhe_____hersomewhere.A.SawB.hasseenC.SeesD.hadseenBD3.—GeogeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougototheirwedding?-No,I____Didtheyhaveabigwedding?A.WasnotinvitedB.havenotbeeninvitedC.hadn’tbeeninvitedD.didn’tinvite4.Thenewsuspensionbridge_______bytheendoflastmonth.A.HasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.WasdesignedD.wouldbedesignedCBShesaidthey________allthepreparation_____Icame.hadmadebefore她说在我来之前她们已经做好了一切准备。当我到达学校时，学生们都已经放学了。School____been___bythetimeI____there.hadovergot当我迟到20分钟到机场时，他已经乘出租车去宾馆了。He_________ataxitothehotelwhenI______theairport20minuteslater.hadtakengotto在我进城以前，我们的汽车已经坏了，再也走不动了。Beforewewentdown-town,ourcar________downandcouldn’tmove________.hadbrokenanymore他说他从来没读过如此有趣的故事。Hesaidthathehadneverreadsuchaninterestingstory过去完成时练习•()(1)Thepolicefoundthatthehouse_______andalotofthings_________.•A.hasbrokeninto,hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto,hadbeenstolen•C.hasbeenbrokeninto,stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto,stolen•()(2)Bytheendofthiscentury,we__oursintoastrongmoderncountry.•A.willbuildB.hadbuiltC.havebuiltD.willhavebuilt•()(3)We_________theworkbysixyesterdayevening.•A.finishedB.wouldfinishC.hadfinishedD.hadbeenfinished•()(4)I_________tohelpyoubutcouldn’tgethereintime.•A.wantB.hadwantedC.havewantedD.waswanting•()(5)Mrs.Wutoldmethathersister___________.•A.leftabouttwohoursbeforeB.wouldleaveabouttwohoursbefore•C.hasleftabouttwohoursagoD.hadleftabouttwohoursbefore•()(6)WhenIreachedhome,myparents__________theirsupper.•A.arehavingB.havealreadyhad•C.havehadD.hadalreadyhad•()(7)Itseemsthattheoldman_________somethingimportant.•A.haslostB.hadlostC.lostD.wouldlose••()(14)BytheendofnextJulythisbuilding__________.•A.willbefinishedB.willhavefinished•C.willhavebeenfinishedD.hadbeenfinished•()(15)Bythetimethewar____,mostofthepeoplehadleft.•A.wasbeganB.wasbrokenout•C.brokeoutD.hadbeenbrokenout•()(16)Ifshe______harder,shewouldhavesucceeded.•A.hadworkedB.haveworked•C.shouldworkD.worked•()(17)Iwish______Iyouyesterday.•A.seenB.didsee•C.hadseenD.weretosee•()(18)HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_______there.•A.hadbeenB.hasbeen•C.wasD.been•()(8)She__________inthisschool________thepasttenyears.•A.wasteaching,sinceB.hadbeenteaching,since•C.wouldteach,forD.hasbeenteaching,for•()(9)DidyouseeXiaoLiattheparty?No,______bythetimeIarrived.•A.she’dleftB.she'sleftC.ShewasleftD.shemustleave•()(10)ThejobprovedtobemuchmoredifficultthanI______.•A.expectB.expectedC.wouldexpectD.hadexpected•()(1