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笔记符号state,kingdom,country,nation,national,federalcity,metropolis,cosmopolis,metropolitan,urban,municipalvillage,farm,outskirt,countryside,suburban,ruralareas右上角：人右下角：地方、地名、机构一.图形符号citizen,urbanresidents/inhabitantsfamer,peasant,rancher,agriculturist领导，监督;顶点，顶级，最lead,supervise,head,peak,top,supreme,utmost,maximum,climaxuniversal,worldwide,international,transnational,global,transcontinental,allovertheworld,acrossboundaries多国，其他国家othercountries国民经济nationaleconomydomestic,native,internal,interior,athomeforeign,overseas,abroad,alien,exotic,outofthecountry,beyondseas,intheforeignlandinandoutofthecountry,athomeandabroad进口import出口export进出口import&export飞行员pilot飞机场airport中国人Chinesepeople经济实体economicentity金融机构financialinstitutionboss,leader,chairman,ruler,chief,manager,president,majesty,governor,director,supervisor,monitor国家领导人，政府首脑stateleader广场square,plaze宏观调控，macro-control首都capitalcity1.重要important,significant,key,critical,crucial,essential,vital,eventful,principal,core,ofgreatimportance/significance/consequence3.主要main,chief,primary,major,dominant,overwhelming4.精彩wonderful,terrific,splendid,fantastic,marvelous2.杰出great,well-known,outstanding,remarkable,excellent,perfect,brilliant,distinguished,notable,eminent,promising,prominent,prestigious,glorious,noteworthy,5.强调emphasize,focus,underline,underscorestress,highlight,spotlight,accentuatefocuson,layemphasis/stressonattachimportanceto,payattentiontothemostimportant1.特点，特色，特征mark,feature,character,symbol,sign,characteristic,specialitypeculiarity,attribute2.代表represent,symbolize,typify,standfor,onbehalfof1.整体，全部，总共whole,all,total,entire,complete,overallgeneral,universal,integral,gross,intact,onthewhole,allinall2.团结，统一，团聚united,unification,gather,gettogether所有国家所有人，人民群众主权和领土完整sovereigntyandterritorialintegrity⊙会议meeting,forum,session,seminar,conference,symposium,committee,association,parliament,council峰会summit(meeting)∞1.关联linkto,connectwith,relateto,associatewith2.替代replace,displace,supplant,substituteinsteadof,taketheplaceof1.交流，交换exchange,interact,communicate2.关系interaction,relation,relationshippartnership双边关系，bilateralrelationship多边关系，multilateralrelationship举杯，协议toast,agreement,treaty,contractConvention,revolution双边协议，bilateralagreement多边协议，multilateralagreement⊕发展，develop,development发达的，developed发展中的，developing1.开始begin,start,initiate,open,originate,launch,pioneercommence,inaugurate2.形成，产生，出现establish,found,create,appear,emerge,occur,comeout,breakout,comeintobeing/existence3.医疗卫生RedCross,hospital,medicalcaremedicalinstitution禁止，结束end,conclude,complete,cease,stop,close,terminate,expire,halt,over,pause,turnoff,switchoff,breakupmakeanendof,bringtoanend,bringtoaconclusion道路，方法method,way,road,means,measureapproach,manner,access,route,coursemode,bymeansof,bywayof1.歪曲twist,distortionoffact2.困难，挫折difficulty,hardship,trouble,painful,tough,frustration,setback远faraway近near,close台阶，进步stepbystep,progress,advancemakeprogress过去，历史inthepast,history昨天yesterday上个月lastmonth去年lastyear前所未有的，unprecedented很久以前，longbefore未来，将要,inthefuture改变，变化change,transform果实，成果fruit,result,accomplishmentachievement1.（使）消失，废除delete,exclude,dismiss,erasedisappear,vanish,extinct,removeabolish,getridof,wipeout2.破坏，推翻，剥夺destroy,ruin,collapse,overthrowdemolish,deprive,4.倒闭，下岗bankrupt,layoff,resign,retire5.死亡，已故的kill,murder,die,passaway,thelate6.解决，达到，实现overcome,settle,solve,address,realize,achieve,accomplish,fulfill3.抛弃abandon,desert,discard二.人体行为符号smile,happy,glad,pleased,excitedinagoodmoodunhappy,sad,unsatisfied,angry,inabadmoodQ1.说tell,state,announce,express,claim,address,declare,argue,vow,explain,Introduce,report2.评论comment,remark,evaluateappraise,review开罗宣言，CairoManifesto赞扬speakhighlyof,praise批评criticize众说纷纭，若干说法variousopinions改革开放reformandopeningup爱，关心love,concern,careabout吓唬，威胁scare,threaten1.听,listento2.开放,beopento:1.看observe,view,glance,stare,noticeglimpse,scan,skim,witness,gaze2.想think,consider,regard,conceiveponder,suppose,imagine,meditatespeculate,contemplate3.揭示，显示show,suggest,indicate,reveal,discover,reflect←1.来come2.收到receive3.需要，缺少need,require,want,beshortof,4.邀请，应邀invite,oninvitation愿意接受acceptwithpleasure1.卖sell2.获利makeaprofit1.去，到go2.引起，导致resultin,leadto1.买buy2.投资invest↑增加；上升；完善；繁荣increase,heighten,enhance,grow,liftsoar,rise,raise,elevate,ascendflourish,advance,update,improveprosperity,boost,giveboostto,goup↓减少，降低，贬值decrease,decline,reduce,descenddiminish,fall,drop,sink,lowerrelieve,weaken,lessen,deterioratedevalue,degrade,depreciate,discountgodown,falloff1.很，非常deeply,very,quite,awfully2.深远的profound,far-reaching推动，促进，有助于promote,strengthen,encouragestimulate,facilitate,reinforcestrive,push,urge,stir,forceaccelerate,drive,prompt,propelgiveimpetusto,carryforward阻碍，推迟obstacle,postpone,delay,restrainwithdraw,discourage,curb,hamperhinder,barrier,bar,encumber,putoffstandinone’sway,holdback,drawback↗冲突，矛盾，分歧，争议conflict,contradictiondifference,dispute越来越increasing,growing,moreandmore越来越大biggerandbigger越来越多moreandmore压力，影响pressure,burden,load,stress,impact,influence,effect,affectexertinfluenceon,have