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2020/1/231GeorgeGordon,LordByron2020/1/232GeorgeGordon,LordByron•Byron’slife;•Byron’smajorworks;•Literaryterm:Byronichero;•Textualstudy:–SheWalksinBeauty.–TheIslesofGreece2020/1/233Bryon’slife•Bornin1788,ofanoblefamilynotoriousfortheirpassionatetemper,theiramatoryadventures,andtheirthriftlessness;•Bornwithaclubfoot,hisearlyyearshadbeenfarfrombeinghappy;•Atten,theboywasmadeLordByronbythedeathofagranduncle.•WhilestudyingatHarrowandCambridge,Byronpublishedhisfirstcollectionofpoems“HoursofIdleness”(1807).2020/1/234Byron’slife•In1809ByronstartedonatourofEuropeandtheOrient,thefirsttwocantosofChildeHarold’sPilgrimage.•In1816heleftEnglandandspenteightyearsabroad,largelyinItaly,wherehewasassociatedwithShelleyuntilthelatter’stragicdeathin1822.•In1824ByronwenttoGreece,togivehimselfandalargepartofhisfortunetohelpthatcountryinitsstruggleforlibertyagainsttheTurks.•Diedin1824.2020/1/235Byron’smajorworks•SheWalksinBeauty;•ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage;•DonJuan.2020/1/236SheWalksinBeauty•Backgroundinformation:–Byronattendedapartywhereheforthefirsttimemethisyoungcousin,ladyWilmotHorton,whowasdressedinablackmourninggown.Byronwassostruckbyherbeautythat,onreturninghome,hewrotethispoeminasinglenight.•Formofthepoem:–Threestanzasofiambictetrameter,witharhymeschemeofababab.2020/1/237SheWalksinBeauty•Shewalksinbeauty,likethenight•Ofcloudlessclimesandstarryskies;•Andallthat'sbestofdarkandbright•Meetinheraspectandhereyes:•Thusmellow'dtothattenderlight•Whichheaventogaudydaydenies.•Climates•Appearance•Becomerichandsoft•Brilliantlyfineday•Refusestogive2020/1/238SheWalksinBeauty•Oneshadethemore,oneraytheless,•Hadhalfimpair’dthenamelessgrace“增之一分则太长，减之一分则太短。著粉则太白，施朱则太赤。”（宋玉描写“东家之子”的美）•Whichwavesineveryraventress,•Orsoftlylightenso'erherface;•Wherethoughtsserenelysweetexpress•Howpure,howdeartheirdwelling-place.•Darkness•Brightness•Wouldhavedamaged•Indescribableelegance•Dark-coloredlockofhair•Referringtothebody2020/1/239SheWalksinBeauty•Andonthatcheek,ando'erthatbrow,•Sosoft,socalm,yeteloquent,•Thesmilesthatwin,thetintsthatglow,•Buttellofdaysingoodnessspent,•Amindatpeacewithallbelow,•Aheartwhoseloveisinnocent!•Thesmilesthatcapturepeople’sattention•Theradiantreddishcolorthatshines•Showthatshehasbeenlivingalifeofpurityandmoralexcellence•Theimpliedmeaningisthatsheiskindtowardseverythingbelowtheheaven2020/1/2310ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage•itsthematicmatter–Thepoemdescribesthetravelsandreflectionsofaworld-wearyyoungmanwho,disillusionedwithalifeofpleasureandrevelry,looksfordistractioninforeignlands.2020/1/2311ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage•Itsstructure–CantoI:ThefirstcantoofthepoemisdevotedtoPortugalandSpain.–CantoII:ThesecondcantodealswithAlbaniaandGreece.–CantoIII:Thethirdcantobeginsandendswiththetouchingaddressoftheauthortohisdaughter,Ada.–CantoIV:ThefourthcantosingsthebeautyofItaly.2020/1/2312ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage•Stanzaicform–ChildeHarold'sPilgrimageiswrittenintheSpenserianstanza,anine-linestanzamadeupof8linesofiambicpentameterendingwithanAlexandrine(iambichexameter).Itsrhymeschemeisababbcbcc.Thisstanzawascommontotravelliteratureatthetime,andthepoemisunifiedbythetravelmotif.2020/1/2313ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage•Byronichero:–AsaleadingRomanticist,Byron’schiefcontributionishiscreationofthe‘Byronichero’,aproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin.Withimmensesuperiorityinhispassionsandpowers,this“Byronichero”wouldcarryonhisshoulderstheburdenofrightingallthewrongsinacorruptsociety,andwouldrisesingle-handedlyagainstanykindoftyrannicalruleseitheringovernment,inreligion,orinmoralprincipleswithunconquerablewillsandinexhaustibleenergies.2020/1/2314DonJuan•Thematicmatter:–AlthoughmanyofByron'scontemporariesfocusedonthepoet'sindictmentofEnglishhighsocietyinDonJuan,thepoemactuallycontainsmyriadsubjectsandofferssardoniccommentaryonavastrangeofsocietalills.UprightRegency-era摄政时期的（viewsofloveandsexualityareamongByron'scentraltargets,butDonJuanalsooffersbitingcommentaryonwar,religion,restraintsonpersonallibertyandfreedomofspeech,andinjusticesrendereduponsociety'sweakestinhabitants.2020/1/2315DonJuan•Stanzaicform:–Eachstanzaoftheepiciswritteninottavarima(abababcc),thatis,eachstanzacontains8iambicpentameterlines.(Thepartselectedinthetextbookisdifferentfromtherestofthepoemmetrically,consistingofsixteensix-linedstanzasofiambictetrameter,witharimeschemeofababcc).2020/1/2316•一希腊群岛呵，美丽的希腊群岛！火热的萨弗在这里唱过恋歌；在这里，战争与和平的艺术并兴，狄洛斯崛起，阿波罗跃出海面！永恒的夏天还把海岛镀成金，可是除了太阳，一切已经消沉。•二开奥的缪斯，蒂奥的缪斯，那英雄的竖琴，恋人的琵琶，原在你的岸上博得了声誉，而今在这发源地反倒喑哑；呵，那歌声已远远向西流传，远超过你祖先的“海岛乐园”。2020/1/2317•三起伏的山峦望着马拉松－马拉松望着茫茫的海波；我独自在那里冥想一刻钟，梦想希腊仍旧自由而欢乐；因为，当我在波斯墓上站立，我不能想象自己是个奴隶。•四一个国王高高坐在石山顶，了望着萨拉密挺立于海外；千万只船舶在山下靠停，还有多少队伍全由他统率！他在天亮时把他们数了数，但日落的时候他们都在何处？2020/1/2318•五呵，他们而今安在？还有你呢，我的祖国？在无声的土地上，英雄的颂歌如今已沉寂－那英雄的心也不再激荡！难道你一向庄严的竖琴，竟至沦落到我的手里弹弄？•六也好，置身在奴隶民族里，尽管荣誉都已在沦丧中，至少，一个爱国志士的忧思，还使我的作歌时感到脸红；因为，诗人在这儿有什么能为？为希腊人含羞，对希腊国落泪。2020/1/2319•七我们难道只好对时光悲哭和惭愧？－我们的祖先却流血。大地呵！把斯巴达人的遗骨从你的怀抱里送回来一些！哪怕给我们三百勇士的三个，让德魔比利的决死战复活！•八怎么，还是无声？一切都喑哑？不是的！你听那古代的英魂正象远方的瀑布一样喧哗，他们回答：“只要有一个活人登高一呼，我们就来，就来！”噫！倒只是活人不理不睬。2020/1/2320•九算了，算了；试试别的调门：斟满一杯萨摩斯的美酒！把战争留给土耳其野人，让开奥的葡萄的血汁倾流！听呵，每一个酒鬼多